榆神矿区中深部煤层开采顶板涌水模式分析  

Roof water gushing modes during coal seam mining:A case study in central Yushen mining area

作　　者：马俊鹏 赵春虎 胡东祥 孟凡贞 姬中奎 吕文茂 朱开鹏 MA Junpeng;ZHAO Chunhu;HU Dongxiang;MEMG Fanzhen;JI Zhongkui;LV Wenmao;ZHU Kaipeng(Yankuang Energy Group Co.,Ltd.,Jining 273500;Xi'an Research Institute Co.Ltd.,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp.,Xi'an 710077;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Coal mine Water Hazard Control,Xi'an 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]兖矿能源集团股份有限公司,济宁273500 [2]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,西安710077 [3]陕西省煤矿水害防治技术重点实验室,西安710077

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第3期104-111,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JM-715,2022SF-046);兖矿能源科技创新基金项目(YK2022bB104-R50);中煤科工集团西安研究院顶层设计项目(2018XAYMS03)资助。

摘　　要：榆神矿区是目前陕北大型煤炭基地的主力矿区,高强度煤炭资源开发过程中煤层顶板水害与水资源流失问题突出。文中以位于榆神中部矿区的金鸡滩煤矿为研究对象,分析了井田“煤(煤层)-基(正常基岩)-风(风化基岩)-土(黄、红土层)-沙(沙层)”典型水文地质结构特征,根据采动导水裂隙与含、隔水层揭露关系,研究得出采动导水裂隙一般发育至风化基岩含水层内部或关键隔水土层下部,风化基岩与正常基岩裂隙含水层地下水是矿井直接充水水源,近地表沙层潜水、地面沉陷积水、大气降水为矿井间接充水水源。另外,通过分析井田煤层顶板隔水土层空间分布与岩性特征,得出在煤层开采过程中由于隔水土层缺失形成的局部透水天窗,以及弱阻水黄土层是引起近地表松散含水层涌(失)水的主要通道,并总结提出透水天窗递进漏水、弱阻水土层越流两类涌(失)水模式,其中透水天窗模式是引起工作面涌水量显著增大,以及导致松散含水层地下水大量漏失的重要原因,文中研究成果以期为榆神矿区顶板水害防治与地下水资源保护提供依据。Yushen Mining Area is currently the main mining area for large coal base of northern Shaanxi,and the problems of mine water damage and water resource loss caused by high-strength coal seam mining are very prominent.Taking the Jinjitan coal mine located in the central mining area of Yushen as the research object,the typical hydrogeological structure characteristics of the coal seam,normal bedrock,weathered bedrock,soil layer,and sand layer in the mining field are analyzed.According to the relationship between the water conducting cracks caused by coal seam mining and the exposure of the aquifer,it is indicated that the water conducting cracks generally develop inside the weathered bedrock aquifer or below the key water resisting soil layer,the groundwater in the weathered bedrock and normal bedrock fissure aquifer is the direct source of water filling for the mine,while the groundwater in the near surface sand layer,ground subsidence water,and atmospheric precipitation are the indirect sources of water filling for the mine.In addition,by analyzing the spatial distribution and lithological characteristics of the soil layer aquiclude in the mining field,it is concluded that the local permeable skylight and the weak loess layer aquiclude are the main channels that cause water inflow(loss)in the near surface loose aquifer under the influence of coal seam mining.Two types of water inflow(loss)modes are summarized,namely,the progressive leakage of water in the near surface loose aquifer through the permeable skylight and the overflow of the weak water-resistant soil layer.The permeable skylight mode is an important reason for the large inflow of water in the working face and the leakage of groundwater in the loose aquifer.The research results provide a basis for the prevention and control of roof water hazards and the protection of groundwater resources in the deep coal mine area of Yushen.

关 键 词：顶板水害 导水裂隙 充水条件 涌水机制 保水开采 

分 类 号：P641.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]