聊城市典型农业区土壤重金属分布特征、生态风险及来源解析  

Distribution,ecological risks,and sources of heavy metals in soil of typical agricultural areas in Liaocheng City

作　　者：张文强 滕跃 柳浩然 韩晓宇 姜秉霖 李海翔 ZHANG Wenqiang;TENC Yue;LIU Haoran;HAN Xiaoyu;JIANG Binglin;LI Haixiang(801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology&Mineral Resources,Jinan 250014;Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队,济南250014 [2]山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心,济南250014

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第4期171-180,共10页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：山东省地质勘查项目(鲁勘字(2021)46号)资助。

摘　　要：选择聊城市典型农业区为研究对象,采集84份浅层土壤样品并测定了8种重金属元素含量。运用GIS及地统计学方法、地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法分析了土壤重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险,并应用相关性分析及正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)模型识别了重金属的可能来源及贡献率。结果表明:1)研究区As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的平均含量是聊城市土壤环境背景值的1.05、1.16、1.28、1.06、1.08、1.05、1.07和1.11倍,除Cd最大值略高于GB 15618-2018中农业土壤污染风险筛选值标准,其余各项元素均小于风险筛选值。2)各重金属地累积指数平均值由大到小依次为Cr>Cd>Zn>Pb>Hg>Cu>As>Ni。其中Hg和Cd空间变异性最大,局部累积程度最高,分别有21.4%、6.0%的采样点处于轻度-中度污染。3)潜在生态风险评价结果表明,Hg存在轻微至强生态风险,Cd存在轻微至中度生态风险;其余各元素均为轻微生态风险,总体生态风险较低。4)PMF模型源解析结果表明土壤重金属主要有四种来源,分别为地质背景引起的自然来源、燃煤活动-交通运输混合源、工业来源及农业活动源,其相对贡献率分别是25.33%、35.92%、22.40%、16.35%。As、Ni主要为自然源,Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu主要来源于燃煤活动-交通运输,Cr主要受地质背景和工业来源大气沉降共同作用,Hg主要来源于肥料农药施用等农业活动。Typical agricultural areas in Liaocheng City were selected as the research object,84 shallow soil samples were collected and the content of 8 heavy metal elements was measured.The spatial distribution and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in soil were analyzed by using GIS and geostatistical methods,geoaccumulation index method,and potential ecological risk index method.The possible sources and contribution rates of heavy metals were identified through correlation analysis and Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model.The results indicate that:1)The average content of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn in the study area is 1.05,1.16,1.28,1.06,1.08,1.05,1.07,and 1.11 times that of the background value of the soil environment in Liaocheng City.Except for the maximum value of Cd,which is slightly higher than the risk screening value standard for agricultural soil pollution in GB 15618-2018,all other elements are less than the risk screening value.2)The average geoaccumulation index of each heavy metal is Cr>Cd>Zn>Pb>Hg>Cu>As>Ni in descending order.Among them,Hg and Cd have the greatest spatial variability and the highest degree of local accumulation,with 21.4%and 6.0%of the sampling sites being slightly to moderately polluted,respectively.3)The potential ecological risk assessment results indicate that Hg has a slight to strong ecological risk,while Cd has a slight to moderate ecological risk.The other elements are all of slight ecological risks,and the overall ecological risk is relatively low.4)The source analysis results of the PMF model indicate that there are four main sources of heavy metals in soil,namely natural sources caused by geological background,mixed sources of coal burning and transportation,industrial sources,and agricultural sources,with relative contribution rates of 25.33%,35.92%,22.40%,and 16.35%,respectively.As and Ni are mainly from natural sources,Cd,Zn,Pb,and Cu are mainly derived from coal-fired activities-transportation,Cr is mainly affected by the combined effects of geological background and

关 键 词：土壤重金属 地累积指数 潜在生态风险指数 PMF模型 源解析 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学] X53[天文地球—地质学]