新疆库尔勒八字地老虎在不同温度下的种群生命表及灯下成虫种群动态  

Life table of Xestia c-nigrum(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)population at different temperatures and the dynamics of field adults captured in light trap in Korla,Xinjiang,Northwest China

作　　者：楚士娇 刘冰[2] 王佩玲[1] 陆宴辉[2] CHU Shi-Jiao;LIU Bing;WANG Pei-Ling;LU Yan-Hui(Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization,Agriculture College of Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用重点实验室,石河子832003 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2024年第2期246-254,共9页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1400300);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-15-21)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究温度对新疆库尔勒八字地老虎Xestia c-nigrum生长发育和繁殖的影响,明确其对环境温度的适应能力。【方法】利用两性生命表方法比较15, 20, 25, 30和35℃下八字地老虎卵孵化率、幼虫存活率、化蛹率、羽化率、发育历期及繁殖力,分析不同温度对其种群生命表参数的影响,并计算不同发育阶段的发育起点温度和有效积温。利用灯诱监测数据分析2020-2022年期间新疆库尔勒农区八字地老虎种群动态与日平均温度变化的关系。【结果】15℃时八字地老虎幼虫存活率、化蛹率、羽化率均低于30%,30℃时幼虫存活率、化蛹率低于10%且蛹不能正常羽化,35℃时幼虫不能存活。八字地老虎各发育阶段历期随温度升高而缩短,15, 20, 25, 30和35℃时卵历期分别为15.52, 7.40, 5.47, 4.88和3.88 d;15, 20, 25和30℃时幼虫历期分别为109.43, 40.53, 26.48和24.55 d;15, 20和25℃时蛹历期分别为41.43, 18.00和12.54 d。15℃时种群呈负增长,20和25℃时种群呈正增长,其中25℃时内禀增长率(r_m)最大。八字地老虎卵、1-6龄幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为9.81, 8.43,9.95, 10.26, 12.52, 13.58, 12.60和10.81℃,有效积温依次为79.62, 92.17, 56.09, 57.03, 39.35, 38.16, 80.72和172.39日·度。2020-2022年灯诱监测数据表明,八字地老虎在新疆库尔勒每年发生3代,成虫高峰期分别在5月中旬、7月下旬和9月上旬,对应的日平均温度在19.5~26.5℃之间。【结论】低于15℃时八字地老虎种群呈负增长,超过30℃时不能完成生活史,而20~25℃比较适合八字地老虎的生长与繁殖,该结果为明确新疆库尔勒八字地老虎的温度适应能力及其发生规律提供了科学依据。【Aim】To assess the effects of temperature on the growth,development and reproduction of Xestia c-nigrum in Korla,Xinjiang,Northwest China,and to explore its adaptability to environmental temperature.【Methods】The egg hatching rates,larval survival rates,pupation rates,eclosion rates,developmental duration and fecundity of X.c-nigrum at 15,20,25,30 and 35℃were compared by using two-sex life table method,and the effects of different temperatures on the life table parameters of the population were analyzed.The developmental threshold temperatures and effective accumulated temperatures of X.c-nigrum at different developmental stages were also determined.During 2020-2022,the relationship between the population dynamics of X.c-nigrum by light-trapping and the daily average temperature change in Korla,Xinjiang was analyzed.【Results】At 15℃,the larval survival rate,pupation rate,and eclosion rate of X.c-nigrum were lower than 30%.At 30℃,the larval survival rate and pupation rate were lower than 10%,and the pupa could not normally emerge.At 35℃,the larvae could not survive.The duration of different developmental stages of X.c-nigrum shortened as the temperature rose,and the egg duration was 15.52,7.40,5.47,4.88 and 3.88 d at 15,20,25,30 and 35℃,respectively.The larval duration was 109.43,40.53,26.47 and 24.55 d at 15,20,25 and 30℃,respectively.The pupal duration was 41.43,18.00 and 12.54 d at 15,20 and 25℃,respectively.The pupal duration was 41.4,18.0 and 12.5 d at 15,20 and 25℃,respectively.The population showed negative growth at 15℃,and positive growth at 20 and 25℃,with the highest intrinsic rate of increase(r m)at 25℃.The developmental threshold temperatures of egg,1st-6th instar larvae and pupa were 9.81,8.43,9.95,10.26,12.52,13.58,12.60 and 10.81℃,respectively,and the effective accumulated temperatures were 79.62,92.17,56.09,57.03,39.35,38.16,80.72 and 172.39 degree-days,respectively.The monitored data from light-trapping during 2020-2022 showed that X.c-nigrum had three generation

关 键 词：八字地老虎 生命表参数 温度 发育历期 种群动态 两性生命表 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]