黑蚱蝉胚胎发育和幼期形态变化  

Embryonic development and morphological changes during the nymphal stage of Cryptotympana atrata (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

作　　者：周金瑞 魏琮[1] ZHOU Jin-Rui;WEI Cong(Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education,College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,植保资源与病虫害治理教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2024年第2期270-283,共14页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32270496,32070476)。

摘　　要：【目的】本研究旨在揭示黑蚱蝉Cryptotympana atrata胚胎期的发育过程和共生菌在胚胎中的分布,确定若虫龄期数,明晰相关器官的形态发生过程以及若虫的形态变化(分化)与生境和寄主植物营养条件的相关性。【方法】通过野外采集和实验室人工饲养获得黑蚱蝉各发育阶段样本,采用光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察胚胎的发育,测量、分析不同龄期若虫的形态变化。【结果】黑蚱蝉的卵为长条形,表面具网状纹饰,卵孔位于距后极约1/4处。在胚胎发育初期,共生细菌Candidatus Sulcia muelleri(Sulcia)和类酵母共生真菌(yeast-like fungal symbionts, YLS)在卵的后极呈球状聚集;胚胎发育至约72 h后,新形成的胚带逐渐陷入卵黄中发育,共生菌球逐渐移动至前极,并进入附近宿主细胞;腹部分节后,共生菌球定殖于第6-8腹节背侧。发育至约第55天时进入滞育状态越冬,滞育期约为130 d。在胚胎发育早期,上唇节附肢从基部逐渐愈合,并与前唇基愈合形成复合结构。上颚节附肢不断延伸,形成上颚口针;下颚节附肢在胚胎发育早期即分化为外侧和内侧两个凸起,随后分别发育为近端的下颚板(后来又逐渐消失)和远端的口针。下唇节附肢在胚胎发育早期成对存在,之后愈合为一体,发育为喙管。发育至约第200天时,在第1腹节两侧出现胚足带,但发育至约第210天时随着胚胎翻转而逐渐退化。前若虫头部无齿突,胸、腹部具大量齿突,有助虫体破壳孵化;发育至约第245天时,一些胚胎开始孵化。若虫有5个龄期,各龄期除虫体不断增长外,复眼、触角、翅芽、胸足、生殖节等发生一系列形态变化,尤其是3对胸足的形态和功能分化最为显著。中足和后足细长,适于支撑和平衡身体;前足粗壮,腿节宽扁并逐渐形成齿梳,胫节镰刀状,具端齿、副齿和中叶,适于挖掘隧洞和固定于植物根系上取食。此外,1-4龄若虫均出现腹【Aim】This study aims to clarify the embryonic development process of the cicada Cryptotympana atrata and the distribution of symbionts in the embryo,determine the number of instars of nymphs,and clarify the morphogenetic process of related organs and the correlation between the morphological changes(differentiation)of nymphs and the habitat as well as the nutrient supply conditions of host plants.【Methods】By field collecting and laboratory artificial breeding,samples of various developmental stages of C.atrata were obtained,and the embryonic development was observed and the morphological changes of nymphs at different instars were measured and analyzed using optical microscopy and electron microscopy.【Results】The eggs of C.atrata are elongated with reticulated stripes on the chorion,and the micropyle is located about a quarter the distance of the egg length from the posterior pole.At the early stage of embryonic development,the symbiont Candidatus Sulcia muelleri(Sulcia)and the yeast-like fungal symbionts(YLS)gathered to form a“symbiont ball”near the posterior pole of the egg.At~72 h after oviposition,the newly formed germ band gradually merged into the yolk,and the symbiont ball gradually moved to the anterior pole and finally entered the nearby host cells,which finally colonized the dorsal region of the 6th-8th abdominal segments.At~55 d after oviposition,the embryo entered diapause for overwintering,and the diapause period was about 130 d.During the early stage of embryonic development,the labral appendages gradually fused basally,and eventually fused with the anteclypeus.The appendages of the mandible segment extended continuously,and modified to form the mandibular stylets.The maxillary appendages differentiated into the lateral and medial prominences,which further developed into the proximal maxillary plate(eventually disappeared)and the distal maxillary stylet,respectively.The labial appendages appeared in pairs at the early stage of embryonic development,but gradually fused to form the ros

关 键 词：半翅目 头喙亚目 形态 发育 同源性 共生菌 

分 类 号：Q969[生物学—昆虫学]