春季低温对樱桃萌芽期和幼果期冻害的影响研究  

Effect of Low Temperature in Spring on Freeze Injury During Cherry Germination and Young Fruit Stage

作　　者：裴秀苗 苏欢 裴昭萌 邹正姗 丁雪腈 PEI Xiumiao;SU Huan;PEI Zhaomeng;ZOU Zhengshan;DING Xuejing(Meteorological Bureau of Yuncheng,Shanxi Yuncheng 044000,China;Shanxi Meteorological Institute,Shanxi Taiyuan 030000,China;Meteorological Bureau of Linyi,Shanxi Linyi 044100,China;Yanhu District Meteorological Bureau,Shanxi Yanhu 044200,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省运城市气象局,山西运城044000 [2]山西省气象科学研究所,山西太原030000 [3]山西省临猗县气象局,山西临猗044100 [4]山西省盐湖区气象局,山西盐湖044200

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期175-180,共6页Journal of Hebei Normal University：Natural Science

基　　金：中央引导地方项目(YDZJSX2021C005);山西省气象局面上项目(SXKMSQH20217138)。

摘　　要：樱桃萌芽期、幼果期低温冻害等级指标可用最低气温和低温持续时间表示.为研究春季低温对樱桃产量和品质的影响,以“萨米脱”樱桃为研究对象,利用人工气候箱设置-1℃~0℃,-2℃~-1℃,-3℃~-2℃,-4℃~-3℃共4个不同低温、及0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4 h共8个不同持续时间模拟樱桃萌芽期、幼果期的低温冻害过程,以确定樱桃萌芽期、幼果期不同等级冻害的气象指标.结果表明,遭遇低温时,温度越低、低温持续时间越长,冻害等级越高.萌芽期温度低于-1℃、持续时间大于2 h或温度低于-2℃、低温持续时间大于1.5 h时,樱桃会发生花源基褐变、萎焉并影响产量的重度以上冻害;幼果期温度低于-1℃,持续时间大于3 h或温度低于-2℃,低温持续时间大于2 h时,樱桃表皮会出现褐色斑点,果肉褐色等表征的重度以上冻害,由此可见,樱桃幼果期的耐冻能力优于萌芽期.冻害指标的确定能为低温冻害预警发布以及防御措施的实施提供重要依据.The low-temperature freezing damage level indicators during the cherry germination and young fruit stages can be represented by the lowest temperature and the duration of low temperature.To study the effect of spring low temperature on cherry yield and quality,the"Samitol"cherry was taken as the research object.Four different low temperatures,including-1℃~0℃,-2℃~-1℃,-3℃~-2℃,-4℃~-3℃,and 8different durations of 0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,and 4h,were set in an artificial climate box to simulate the low-temperature freezing damage process during the cherry germination and young fruit stages,in order to determine the cherry germination stage meteorological indicators of different levels of frost damage during the young fruit stage.The results indicate that when encountering low temperatures,the lower the temperature and the longer the duration of low temperatures,the higher the level of frost damage.When the temperature is below-1℃during the budding stage and lasts for more than 2hours,or the temperature is below-2℃and the low temperature lasts for more than 1.5 hours,cherries will experience browning and wilting of the floral base,which will affect the yield and cause severe freezing damage;When the temperature is below-1℃during the young fruit stage,lasting for more than 3hours,or the temperature is below-2℃,and the low temperature lasts for more than 2 hours,the cherry skin will show brown spots,and the flesh will be brown,indicating severe freezing damage.Therefore,it can be seen that the frost resistance of cherry young fruits is better than that during the sprouting stage.The determination of freezing damage indicators can provide important basis for the issuance of low-temperature freezing damage warning and the implementation of defense measures.

关 键 词：樱桃 低温冻害指标 低温模拟 萌芽期 幼果期 

分 类 号：P4.9[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]