基于超宽带技术的运动目标跟踪高精度定位系统设计  

Design of High-precision Positioning System for Moving Target Tracking Based on Ultra Wideband Technology

作　　者：李强 LI Qiang(Jiangsu College of Safety Technology,Xuzhou 221000,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏安全技术职业学院,江苏徐州221000

出　　处：《计算机测量与控制》2024年第3期327-333,共7页Computer Measurement &Control

摘　　要：为克服运动目标不断变化导致跟踪定位精度较低的问题,设计基于超宽带技术的运动目标跟踪高精度定位系统;图像采集模块由FPGA单元、VGA显示单元、帧缓存单元以及图像采集单元构成,以此实现运动目标跟踪与定位中的图像采集,在超宽带技术模块中,设计超宽带运动目标定位所需的天线、定位基站、移动节点,完成超宽带动态组网,实现硬件系统的设计;基于硬件系统采集到的图像,实施图像灰度化处理、形态学滤波处理,以增强图像中有用的信息,设计TLD运动目标跟踪算法,随着运动目标开始运动,TLD模型会不断学习跟踪的运动目标,获取目标在距离、景深、角度等层面的改变,并不断学习、识别,达到良好的跟踪效果,基于超宽带技术设计运动目标动态定位算法,依据跟踪结果实现运动目标的高精度定位,完成软件系统的设计;实验测试结果表明,该系统在中、远距离目标跟踪与定位实验中跟踪错误率低于0.60%、2.4%,沿着S型运动时,路线弯折处的定位误差较低,与实验运动目标的飞行路线相贴合,具有良好的定位能力。To overcome the low tracking and positioning accuracy caused by moving targets,a high-precision positioning system for moving target tracking based on ultra wideband technology is designed.The image acquisition module consists of an FPGA unit,VGA display unit,frame buffer unit,and image acquisition unit,which achieves image acquisition in moving object tracking and positioning.In the ultra wideband technology module,it designs the antenna,positioning base station,and mobile node for the ultra wideband moving object positioning,completes the ultra wideband dynamic networking,and achieves the hardware design of the system.The collected images of the hardware system are implemented the image graying processing and morphological filtering processing to enhance the useful information in the image,and design the tracking algorithm of the TLD moving target.With the target moving,the TLD model will continuously learn the tracking moving target,obtain the target changes in the distance,depth of field,angle and other levels,and continuously learn and identify to achieve good tracking results,the dynamic positioning algorithm for moving targets based on ultra wideband technology is adopted to achieve the high-precision positioning for moving targets based on the tracking results,and complete the software design of the system.The experimental results show that the tracking error rates of the system in medium and long distance target tracking and positioning experiments are below 0.60%and 2.4%,and the positioning error at the corner of the route is relatively low when moving along the S-shape,which is in line with the flight path of the experimental moving target,and it has a good positioning ability.

关 键 词：图像传感器 超宽带技术 运动目标跟踪 高精度定位系统 TLD模型 

分 类 号：TP258[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]