2017—2021年北京市房山区校园水痘病例流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella cases in kindergartens and schools in Fangshan district of Beijing from 2017 to 2021

作　　者：吴涛[1] 高舒[1] 周伟[1] Wu Tao;Gao Shu;Zhou Wei(Department of Immunization and Prevention,Fangshan District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市房山区疾病预防控制中心免疫预防科,102488

出　　处：《国际病毒学杂志》2023年第4期325-329,共5页International Journal of Virology

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项(2016-3-7071)。

摘　　要：目的分析北京市房山区托幼园所和学校水痘病例流行病学特征,为制定水痘疫情防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集北京市房山区2017—2021年托幼园所和学校水痘病例信息,对主要变量进行描述性分析和统计学比较。结果2017—2021年房山区托幼园所和学校报告水痘病例数分别为402例、501例、382例、212例和239例。发病高峰集中在4至6月和10至12月。其中,托幼儿童占21.37%,小学生占29.15%,中学生占23.79%,大学生占25.69%。有水痘疫苗免疫史病例占45.97%(1剂占40.50%,2剂占5.47%),无免疫史病例占38.19%,另有15.84%病例免疫史不详。有1剂、2剂水痘疫苗免疫者的发热率分别为44.95%和33.68%,均低于无免疫史者(51.73%)(x^(2)=13.853,P<0.01)。有1剂、2剂水痘疫苗免疫者的中重度出疹率分别为32.57%和21.05%,均低于无免疫史者(45.85%)(x^(2)=37.759,P<0.01)。明确有1剂水痘疫苗免疫史的病例中,免疫史超过5年占69.98%。共发生14起水痘暴发疫情,其中幼儿园2起(占14.29%),小学5起(占35.71%),中学4起(占28.57%),大学3起(占21.43%)。结论2020—2021年房山区水痘病例明显下降,有免疫史者较无免疫史者临床症状轻微,建议适龄儿童及时接种水痘疫苗。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella cases in the kindergartens and schools within Fangshan district of Beijing,so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies against varicella epidemic.Methods The varicella cases in kindergartens and schools from 2017 to 2021 in Fangshan district of Beijing were collected.The descriptive analysis and statistical comparison of major variables were composed.Results The annual number of varicella cases reported in kindergartens and schools during 2017-2021 were 402,501,382,212 and 239,respectively.The peaks of disease onset appeared mainly in the periods of April to June and October to December.The cases of nursery children accounted for 21.37% with primary school students for 29.15%,middle school students for 23.79%,and college students for 25.69%.For the cases,45.97% had varicella vaccination history(40.50% for 1 dose and 5.47% for 2 doses),38.19% had no history of vaccination and 15.84% was unknown.The rates of fever among patients received one and two doses of varicella vaccine were 44.95% and 33.68%,respectively and were lower than that in patients without immunization history.The difference were statistically significant(x^(2)=13.853,P<0.01).The rates of moderate and severe eruption among patients received one and two doses of varicella vaccine were 32.57% and 21.05%,respectively and were lower than that in patients without immunization history(45.85%).The difference was statistically significant(x^(2)=37.759,P<0.01).Among the cases with an immunization history of one dose of varicella vaccine,69.98% had an immunization history over 5 years.A total of 14 outbreaks of chickenpox occurred,including 2 in kindergartens(14.29%),5 in primary schools(35.71%),4 in middle schools(28.57%)and 3 in universities(21.43%).Conclusions From 2020 to 2021,the cases of varicella in Fangshan district decreased significantly,and the clinical symptoms of those with immunization history were mild compared with those without immu

关 键 词：水痘 水痘疫苗 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]