论“适当顾及”义务在海上临时警戒区中的适用  

On the Application of“Due Regard”Obligation in Maritime Temporary Warning Zone

作　　者：翟仲 ZHAI Zhong(Institute of Legal Studies,Research Institute of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民武装警察部队研究院法制研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2024年第1期27-38,共12页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金一般项目“深海遗传资源开发的法律秩序变革及中国制度性话语权研究”(19BFX215);2017年度国家社科基金重大项目“全球海洋治理新态势下中国海洋安全法律保障问题研究”(17ZDA146)。

摘　　要：体现在《联合国海洋法公约》中的“适当顾及”义务可适用于一国在专属经济区和公海设立海上临时警戒区的措施,但具体标准有待考察认定。分析近年来国际司法机构对“适当顾及”义务的裁决并总结有关海上区域的国家实践,可以认为“适当顾及”义务要求一国在宣布临时警戒区时应适当考虑其他国家合法使用海洋的权利,包括为此限定区域的位置、范围和时限,避免在重要位置设置大规模区域,事先妥为履行公告义务,并就“警戒区”和“禁航区”进行区分,在警告的基础上避免施加航行限制。另一方面,“适当顾及”义务要求受临时警戒区影响的国家也有义务适当考虑他国维持临时警戒区的权利并避免干扰其活动,宣布国可在警戒区内采取合理措施以确保任务的执行。为此,《海警法》等法律规范应进行规则补正和体系适配,以构建科学合理的海上临时警戒区制度。The“due regard”obligation reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea serves as the legal basis of establishing maritime temporary warning zone in the exclusive economic zone and on the high seas,but specific standards need to be examined and determined.It can be concluded by analyzing recent decisions of international judicial bodies on the“due regard”obligation and summarizing national practices in relation to maritime zone that,when declaring a temporary warning zone,the“due regard”obligation requires a state to take due account of the legitimate use of sea by other states,which includes restricting the location,extent and duration of maritime temporary warning zone,avoiding the establishment of large-scale zone in key locations,fulfilling the obligation of prior notice,distinguishing“warning zone”from“no-navigation zone”,and avoiding the imposition of restrictions on navigation on the basis of warnings.Furthermore,the“due regard”obligation requires the state affected by maritime temporary warning zone to have due regard to the right of other states establishing maritime temporary warning zone and refrain from interfering with their activities,the state establishing maritime temporary warning zone may take reasonable measures to ensure the enforcement of their missions.When the declaring state has fulfilled all the obligations mentioned above,including prior notification,appropriate warning and limitation of the extent of the area,the vessels entering into the maritime temporary warning zone without consent shall undertake risks of potential damages independently,but the declaring state still needs to refrain from taking direct coercive measures to restrict or prohibit freedom of navigation.If such vessels’unauthorized entry into maritime temporary warning zone makes it impossible to implement the tasks or missions,the declaring state may take necessary measures to prevent it,and when the vessels’conduct is attributable to a state,it may also be held accountable

关 键 词：“适当顾及”义务 《联合国海洋法公约》 海上临时警戒区 专属经济区 公海 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]