大气氮沉降对云南亚热带森林地表草本层植物生长的影响  

Effects of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on the Growth of Herbaceous Plants on the Ground Surface of Subtropical Forests in Yunnan Province

作　　者：杨应忠 刘宪斌 丁健 和银建 陈朝胜 寸增杰 YANG Ying-zhong;LIU Xian-bin;DING Jian(School of Chemistry,Biology and Environment,Yuxi Normal University,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100;Institute of Biology and Environmental Engineering,Yuxi Normal University,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100;Organization Department,Yuxi Normal University,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100)

机构地区：[1]玉溪师范学院化学生物与环境学院,云南玉溪653100 [2]玉溪师范学院生物与环境工程研究院,云南玉溪653100 [3]玉溪师范学院组织部,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第6期98-104,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省教育厅大学生创新创业训练计划项目“森林凋落物和根系分泌物对土壤活性碳的影响”(2021A024);云南省教育厅大学生创新创业训练计划项目“无土栽培条件下增加洋甘菊花梗长度的研究”(202111390011)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同浓度大气氮沉降条件下云南亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统地表草本层植被的生长情况,探讨大气氮沉降对森林生态系统植被组成和结构功能的影响。[方法]以云南亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统为研究对象,设置0、1、5、10、15和30 g/(m^(2)·a)共6个施氮梯度,采用每30 d 1次林冠下人工喷施的方式对野外样地连续进行2年施氮处理,观察2年后试验样地内地表草本层植被的多样性、丰富度、株高和生物量等生长特征。[结果]随着施氮浓度的增大,植物丰富度、株高和生物量也逐渐增大,在年均30 g/(m^(2)·a)浓度梯度样地中,上述各项数据均达到最大值;而植物多样性则在5 g/(m^(2)·a)浓度梯度样地中达到最大值,为(13±3)种/m^(2)。植物地上部生物量占其总生物量比重较大,为(0.69±0.06)~(0.77±0.09),且呈随着施氮浓度的增大而逐渐降低趋势;植物地下部生物量占其总生物量比重相对较小,为(0.23±0.03)~(0.32±0.04),且呈随着施氮浓度增大而逐渐增加的趋势。[结论]证明了大量大气氮沉降对森林生态系统植物物种多样性的消极影响,明确了不同浓度大气氮沉降对地表草本层植物地上部和地下部之间生物量分配规律的影响,为受大气氮沉降干扰严重的森林生态系统的科学管理及合理开发利用提供理论依据和实际参考。[Objective]The objective of this study was to investigate the growth of herbaceous plants on the ground surface of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem in Yunnan Province in the context of atmospheric nitrogen deposition with varying concentrations,and to explore the impacts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the plant composition and structural function of the forest ecosystem.[Method]In this study,the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem in Yunnan Province was taken as the research object;six nitrogen gradients of 0,1,5,10,15 and 30 g/(m^(2)·a)were set up;the artificial spraying method under the forest canopy once a month was employed to continuously apply nitrogen to the field experimental plots for two years;and we observed the plant growth characteristics of the herbaceous layer on the ground surface in the field experimental plots after two years,such as plant diversity,richness,height and biomass.[Result]The results showed that the experimental data including plant richness,height and biomass gradually increased with the increase of the applied nitrogen concentrations;in the field experimental plot with 30 g/(m^(2)·a),the data mentioned above respectively reached the maximum value;while,the data of plant diversity reached the maximum in the field experimental plot with 5 g/(m^(2)·a),which was(13±3)species/m^(2).The plant biomass of aboveground organs accounted for a large proportion of the total plant biomass,ranging from(0.69±0.06)to(0.77±0.09),and it gradually decreased with the increase of the applied nitrogen concentrations;and the proportion of the plant biomass of underground organs to the total plant biomass was relatively small,ranging from(0.23±0.03)to(0.32±0.04),and it gradually increased with the increase of applied nitrogen concentration.[Conclusion]This study adequately demonstrated that a large amount of atmospheric nitrogen deposition had a negative impact on the plant diversity in forest ecosystems,and clarified the impacts of atmospheric nitroge

关 键 词：大气氮沉降 地表草本层植物 植物多样性 植物丰富度 植物株高 植物生物量 分配规律 云南亚热带常绿阔叶林 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]