1947年澳大利亚筹备对日和约时南沙群岛的档案搜集与立场  

Australia’s Archival Collection and Stance on the Nansha Islands during its Preparing for the Peace Treaty with Japan in 1947

作　　者：金康玲 王胜 JIN Kanglin;WANG Sheng(School of History and Tourism,Huaiyin Normal University,Huai’an 223300,China)

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院历史文化旅游学院,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期15-24,共10页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“近代澳大利亚涉南海档案文献整理与研究(1933~1949)”(23YJC770012)。

摘　　要：1947年初澳大利亚为维护国家利益提议尽早缔结对日和约,并组建太平洋和约筹备委员会具体负责拟定对日和约草案。在对日领土处置时为了厘清战时为日所占之南沙群岛的归属情况,澳大利亚初步搜集了1939~1946年有关南沙群岛“争议”各方主张、日本占领南沙时的声明与英法反应、战时日本对南沙的开发利用和战后中国政府收复南沙群岛史实等6份核心档案,在此基础上,综合研判后形成南沙群岛归属上中国已实控、法方态度不明及其军事战略价值有限的认知。为此1947年7月9日筹备委员会拟定的对日和约草案只规定了日本放弃南沙群岛,未写明其归属。不过,7月15日澳大利亚驻南京公使馆发给澳外交部的第341号函电旗帜鲜明地指出,除却中国对南沙群岛提出最早主张外,因为岛上居民主要是中国渔民这一事实,别无任何可靠的权威依据,同时排除了法国对南沙群岛提出“主权诉求”的可能。尽管澳大利亚的上述立场最终未写入新一轮的对日和约草案,但其内部函电字里行间流露出的对中国拥有南沙群岛主权的认可,无疑是不可否认的。In order to safeguard its national interests,Australia proposed to conclude the peace treaty with Japan as soon as possible,and set up the Preparatory Committee for the Pacific Settlement to be specifically responsible for drafting the draft peace treaty with Japan at the beginning of 1947.In order to clarify the ownership of the Nansha Islands occupied by Japan during the war when handling the affairs about the Japanese territory,Australia collected six core files,including the claims of all parties about the Nansha Islands dispute between 1939 and 1946,the statements made by Japan when it occupied the Nansha Islands and the reactions of Britain and France,Japan’s development of Nansha during the war,and the historical facts of the Chinese government’s recovery of the Nansha Islands after the war.As a result,it conclude that China had actually the ownership of the Nansha Islands,and France’s attitude was unclear,with a limited understanding of the military and strategic value of Nansha.Therefore,the draft peace treaty with Japan prepared by the Preparatory Committee on July 9,1947 only stated that Japan would abandon the Nansha Islands,but did not confirm their ownership.However,Letter No.341 sent by the Australian Embassy in Nanjing to the Australian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on July 15 clearly stated that it was difficult to produce any reliable authority as to the status of the Nansha Islands other than the original Chinese claim because of the fact that the inhabitants were mainly Chinese fishermen.It also excluded France’s claim to the sovereignty over the Nansha Islands.Although the above-mentioned stance of Australia was not ultimately reflected in the draft peace treaty with Japan,the recognition of China’s sovereignty over the Nansha Islands revealed in its internal correspondence is undoubtedly undeniable.

关 键 词：澳大利亚对日和约 1939~1946年涉南沙档案 澳驻南京公使馆第341号函电 《南中国海中的群岛:南沙、西沙、东沙和中沙》 南沙群岛 

分 类 号：D993[政治法律—国际法学]