晚清中日东沙岛交涉案件中民间证据的作用  

The Role of the Non-governmental Evidence in the Sovereign Diplomacy between China and Japan on Dongsha Island in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张若城 ZHANG Ruocheng(The Center for Studies of Hong Kong,Macao and Pearl River Delta/Institute of Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Development Studies,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学港澳珠江三角洲研究中心/粤港澳发展研究院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期25-33,共9页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：20世纪初的中日东沙岛主权交涉案以晚清政府的胜利而告终,清政府一方面采用援引中外历史材料力证东沙岛为中国版图之事实由来已久,另一方面积极采用渔民口供及书证等证据证明东沙岛系中国渔民最早发现、命名、经营、开发。清政府的对外交涉中,在张人骏等人主导下结合渔民证据紧紧围绕“最初发现”等系列国际法核心问题展开论证,成功维护了岛屿主权也令日商承担索赔岛上损失并补缴税款,向西方列强宣告我国海洋领土主权神圣不可侵犯。作为近代史上成功的边疆主权维护案例,在官方缺乏占领等具体材料时,中日东沙岛交涉案件中首次运用民间证据维护主权的做法亦为当下的相关问题提供了一定的思路。In the early 20th century,the sovereignty dispute between China and Japan over Dongsha Island ended in the victory of the Qing government,but in the process of the diplomatic negotiation with Japan and due to the lack of the effective official evidence of governance,the Qing government on the one hand adopted the cited domestic and oversea historical materials to prove the fact that Dongsha Island was in the territory of China for a long time,and,on the other hand,it actively used the oral testimony and documentary evidence of Chinese fishermen to prove that it was Chinese fishermen that first discovered,named,managed and developed Dongsha Island.In the Qing government’s diplomatic negotiation,Zhang Renjun,minister of the Qing government,led his team to demonstrate the“initial discovery”and other core issues related to the international law in combination with the evidence of Chinese fishermen,successfully maintained China’s sovereignty over Dongsha Island,and made Japanese businessmen bear the claim for losses on the islands and pay taxes in return,declaring to colonialism that China’s maritime territorial sovereignty was sacred and inviolable.As a successful diplomatic event in the defense of the border sovereignty in early modern history when lacking concrete official materials for the sovereignty,the use of the non-governmental evidence in the sovereign diplomacy for the first time in the diplomatic event between China and Japan on Dongsha Island can shed some light on the current relevant issues.

关 键 词：民间证据 东沙岛 中日交涉 国际公法 主权论证 

分 类 号：D993[政治法律—国际法学]