从太史监到钦天监:明初天文机构探析  

From Directorate of Astrology to Bureau of Astronomy:Analysis of Astronomical Management Institutions in the Early Ming Dynasty

作　　者：章豪 ZHANG Hao(National Institute for Advanced Humanistic Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文史研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期56-62,共7页Journal of Qinghai Normal University（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：中国古代天文机构一直被视为沟通“天”“人”的桥梁。作为仰观“天意”的国家机构,其创建、沿革与政局变动密不可分。至正二十五年(1365年),朱元璋在名义上仍属龙凤政权管辖时便创设了朱明政权的第一个天文机构——太史监,初创未久的太史监在职能上已具备日后钦天监的雏形。至洪武三年(1370年)更名为钦天监之前,太史监先后被更名为太史院、司天监。在短短的十数年时间内,明初天文机构的名称进行了多次变更。明初天文机构名称的频繁变更不仅是出于机构调整、人员变动的客观需求,更是朱元璋天学态度的体现及为应对当前政治环境变化而进行主动调整的结果。Ancient Chinese astronomical institutions have always been regarded as a bridge between"heaven"and"people".As a power organization that looks up to"God's will",the creation and reform of astronomical institutions are inseparable from political changes.In 1365,Zhu Yuanzhang created the first astronomical institution of Zhu Ming's regime when he was still under the jurisdiction of the Dragon and Phoenix regime in name.The Directorate of Astrology which have not been established for a long time already have the prototype of the future Bureau of Astronomy in terms of function.Before the establishment of the Bureau of Astronomy in 1370,Directorate of Astrology has been renamed as Grand Astrology Administration and Imperial Astronomer.The changes in the names of astronomical management institutions in the early Ming Dynasty were not frequent only due to the objective needs of personnel changes,but in most cases,they were also actively adjusted by Zhu Yuanzhang in response to the current political environment.

关 键 词：太史监 钦天监 天文机构 朱明政权 朱元璋 

分 类 号：K248.1[历史地理—历史学]