纳米零价铁对武威产区黑比诺葡萄新梢和叶片生长及光合特性的影响  

Effects of nano zero-valent iron on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the new shoots and leaves of Pinot Noir in Wuwei production area

作　　者：曾宝珍 成永娟 车莉莉 杨娟博 卢世雄 梁国平 吴志国[2] 赵毅 毛娟[1] ZENG Baozhen;CHENG Yongjuan;CHE Lili;YANG Juanbo;LU Shixiong;LIANG Guoping;WU Zhiguo;ZHAO Yi;MAO Juan(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;School of Physical Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Institute of Nanomaterials Application Technology,Gansu Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州大学物理科学与技术学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省科学院纳米应用技术研究室,兰州730070

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第3期481-493,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：2022丝路寒旱农业科技项目(GSLK-2022-4);甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(22JR5RA831)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究叶面喷施不同浓度的纳米零价铁肥对河西走廊武威产区黑比诺葡萄植株光合特性及生长发育的影响。【方法】以甘肃武威市依诺酒庄的黑比诺酿酒葡萄为材料,设置5个不同质量浓度纳米零价铁肥喷施处理T1(5 mg·L^(-1))、T2(10 mg·L^(-1))、T3(15 mg·L^(-1))、T4(20 mg·L^(-1))、T5(25 mg·L^(-1))和1个清水喷施作为对照(CK),喷施时间6月18日开始,每隔15 d喷一次,共5次,每个处理选取长势良好、整齐一致的葡萄树植株54株,试验设3次重复,测定其叶片SPAD值、叶面积、新梢长度和粗度、叶片荧光参数等指标。【结果】喷施不同浓度的纳米零价铁对葡萄植株新梢基部粗度、节间长度、叶绿素相对含量以及叶面积均具有促进作用。此外,处理较CK相比,叶片光合作用和光能吸收与传递作用明显增加,且能不同程度地增加葡萄叶片的SPAD值,且以T5(25 mg·L^(-1))处理最佳;各处理叶片初始荧光(F0)随着纳米零价铁肥喷施呈现出先降低后升高的趋势;其次,叶面喷施不同浓度纳米零价铁肥可不同程度地提高叶片实际光化学效率(花后60~90 d)、光化学淬灭系数(花后30~45 d)、电子传递速率(花后60~90 d)、净光合速率(花后45~90 d)和气孔导度,说明叶面喷施纳米零价铁肥可增强黑比诺酿酒葡萄的光合活性,提高其叶片PSⅡ光能转化效率和光能利用率,降低通过非光化学途径的能量耗散,最终增加积累的光合产物。【结论】喷施适宜浓度的纳米零价铁肥能显著提升植株叶片光合荧光参数、叶绿素相对含量、新梢基部粗度、节间长度等,对净光合速率、蒸腾速率有促进作用,以25 mg·L(-1 T5)质量浓度处理效果最佳。【Objective】This study focused on the grape variety Pinot Noir,predominantly cultivated in the Wuwei area of Gansu Province.The primary objective was to analyze the potential of nano zero-valent iron(NZFI)in enhancing grape growth through foliar spraying on the top traditional fertilization practices.The research specifically examined the impact of foliar spraying with varying concentrations of nano zero-valent Fe fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics,as well as the growth and development of new shoots and leaves of Pinot Noir in the arid region of Gansu Hexi Corridor.The study aimed to identify the optimal concentration of nano zero-valent Fe for grapevine growth.The ultimate goal was to enhance the physiological attributes of wine grapes,increase yields,and improve quality.Additionally,by establishing a reliable scientific foundation for the judicious application of nano zerovalent iron fertilizer,this research endeavors to facilitate the sustainable growth of the wine grape industry.【Methods】This experiment was conducted in 2021 at Enuo Winery,Wuwei city,Gansu province(102°82′26″E,37°18′06″N).The vineyard utilized the east-west-oriented single-armed hedgerow cultivation method,adopting a model characterized by“deep ditching,shallow planting,and mechanization”.The soil in the vineyard was neutral to weakly alkaline sandy loam,with an average annual rainfall of 150-247 mm,an average annual sunshine hours of 2876.9 h,an average annual temperature of 7.1℃,an average annual precipitation of 123 mm,and a substantial temperature difference between day and night,reaching approximately 15℃in the summer,with a hydrothermal coefficient of<1.5.Throughout the trial period,irrigation adhered to the guidelines of the“Drip Irrigation Quota for Brewing Grapes in Wuwei”.Routine management operations,including bud wiping,tying,tendril removal,weeding,etc.,followed the production management calendar.The experiment employed a randomized block design,using 4-year-old field grown Pinot Noir pl

关 键 词：黑比诺葡萄 纳米零价铁 光合荧光 植株生长 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]