乙烯利对5个菠萝品种成花及品质的影响  

Effects of ethephon on flower bud initiation and fruit quality of five pineapple varieties

作　　者：普跃 林文秋[1] 刘朝阳 刘胜辉[1] 吴青松[1] 孙伟生[1] 陆新华[1] 高玉尧 贺军军 PU Yue;LIN Wenqiu;LIU Chaoyang;LIU Shenghui;WU Qingsong;SUN Weisheng;LU Xinhua;GAO Yuyao;HE Junjun(Institute of South Subtropical Crops,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang 524091,Guangdong,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江524091 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第3期505-516,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(321QN302);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32001989);国家重点研发计划子课题(2020YFD1000604)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出不同菠萝品种适宜的乙烯利催花质量浓度,为菠萝成熟期调节及新品种推广提供参考依据。【方法】利用25~1000 mg·L^(-1)乙烯利对Josapine、台农4号、MD-2、台农21号和台农22号5个菠萝品种进行灌心处理,探究不同乙烯利质量浓度对各菠萝品种成花率、抽蕾期、果实内外品质及畸形率的影响。【结果】除台农22号外,各菠萝品种随着乙烯利质量浓度的增加成花率显著提升。其中,Josapine和台农4号诱导成花的最佳质量浓度为400 mg·L^(-1),MD-2和台农21号诱导成花的最佳质量浓度为800 mg·L^(-1)。当处理质量浓度大于400 mg·L^(-1)时,Josapine、台农4号和台农21号抽蕾期进一步缩短,MD-2抽蕾期则逐渐延长。当乙烯利质量浓度大于200 mg·L^(-1)时,Josapine、MD-2和台农22号纵横径、单果质量等形态指标呈下降趋势。随着乙烯利质量浓度的升高,各品种可滴定酸含量呈下降趋势;相反地,可溶性固形物含量随质量浓度的升高呈上升的趋势。此外,5个菠萝品种在乙烯利诱导下均有畸形果产生,其中Josapine在高质量浓度乙烯利作用下,畸形率最高,达到65.52%,而MD-2畸形率仅为6.67%。【结论】Josapine最适乙烯利催花质量浓度为400 mg·L^(-1);台农4号、MD-2和台农21号最适质量浓度为800 mg·L^(-1);而单一乙烯利不能诱导台农22号成花。【Objective】Pineapple,originating in South America,is renowned for the rich flavor and nutrition,which is one of the most distinctive and competitive tropical fruits in China.Flower induction was a crucial step in pineapple cultivation and a technical guarantee to ensure a year-round supply of pineapple.Currently,it has been proven that ethylene is the only endogenous hormone that can directly initiate the reproductive growth of pineapple.Ethephon has been widely utilized to induce pineapple flowering for attaining the higher flowering rate,uniformity rate,cost-effectiveness and convenient application.However,different varieties of pineapples exhibit varying sensitivities to ethephon induction,and thus it is necessary to identify the appropriate ethephon concentrations for each variety and explore appropriate flowering induction ways for different pineapple varieties in order to accelerate their popularization and demonstration.In this study,different pineapple varieties were chosed as research objects to explore the influence of ethephon concentrations on the flowering and fruit quality of pineapple to screen out the appropriate flowering concentrations for each variety,so as to provide a theoretical basis for production and application.【Methods】Five cultivars including Josapine,Tainong 4,MD-2,Tainong 21 and Tainong 22 were used as sample materials.Ethephon concentrations was set at 25,50,100,200,400,800 and 1000 mg·L^(-1),respectively,to induce pineapple flowering with three repetitions per concentration treatment.Each plant was treated with a volume of 30 mL solution with clean water serving as the control.The floral bud emergence of each variety was recorded,and flowering rate and floral bud emergence uniformity rate were calculated.All ripe fruits were investigated for the number of crown bud,height of crown bud,weight of crown bud,length and diameter of fruit,fruit weight,perimeter of fruit and number of fruitlets.The contents of total soluble solids,soluble sugar,titratable acid and vitamin C were

关 键 词：菠萝 乙烯利 成花 抽蕾期 品质 

分 类 号：S668.3[农业科学—果树学]