梨小食心虫对阿维菌素的抗性风险评估及其交互抗性  

Resistance risk assessment and the cross-resistance of Grapholita molesta to avermectin

作　　者：张蕊 张东霞 朱兴秋 郑卫锋 李娅 郭艳琼[1] 庾琴[1] ZHANG Rui;ZHANG Dongxia;ZHU Xingqiu;ZHENG Weifeng;LI Ya;GUO Yanqiong;YU Qin(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Shanxi Provincial Plant Protection and Quarantine Station,Taiyuan 030801,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,太原030031 [2]山西省植物保护检疫总站,太原030801

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第3期525-532,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业(梨)产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-28);山西农业大学博士基金(2021BQ56)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确阿维菌素致死中浓度(LC50)连续处理对梨小食心虫(Grapholita molesta)的抗性风险及其交互抗性。【方法】在室内条件下,采用浸果法测定阿维菌素对梨小食心虫田间种群(F)初孵幼虫的LC50值;以F种群为基础,建立梨小食心虫对阿维菌素相对敏感品系(SS)、F种群连续6代接触LC50浓度阿维菌素的田间抗性品系(FR)和6代未接触阿维菌素的田间对照品系(FS),测定阿维菌素对不同品系梨小食心虫初孵幼虫的毒力,计算其抗性水平;测定高效氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉和氯虫苯甲酰胺对不同品系的毒力,分析不同品系与其交互抗性。【结果】田间种群对阿维菌素抗性倍数为4.608倍,敏感性降低;阿维菌素致死中浓度汰选2代后,梨小食心虫对阿维菌素抗性为低水平,汰选4代后升至中等水平,6代后升至20.304倍;未接触阿维菌素的梨小食心虫从第4代降为敏感,第6代时敏感性进一步恢复。抗性品系抗性现实遗传力h2=0.186,在致死率50%~90%选择压力下,梨小食心虫对阿维菌素抗性增加10倍,预计需汰选4~9代。汰选6代品系对高效氯氟氰菊酯抗性倍数为8.487倍,有交互抗性;对吡虫啉和氯虫苯甲酰胺无交互抗性。对照品系对高效氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉和氯虫苯甲酰胺均无交互抗性。【结论】梨小食心虫对阿维菌素存在快速产生抗性的风险,中抗品系与高效氯氟氰菊酯有交互抗性,低敏感品系与3种药剂均无交互抗性。田间使用阿维菌素时可通过间隔用药或与无交互抗性药剂轮换使用来减缓抗性发展。【Objective】Grapholita molesta is a major pest of many kinds of fruit crops in the world and China.Due to its characteristics of boring,hiding and generations overlapping,G.molesta is difficult to control.With the climate warming,and the change of cultivation mode and management technology in pear orchards,the damage of G.molesta has been increasing year by year in several major fruit species in China,including peaches,pears and apples.Currently,chemical pesticides are still one of the most effective measure to control G.molesta.Long-term frequent and non-standard use of pesticides has led to a gradual decline in the effectiveness of chemical control to G.molesta,and G.molesta has developed varying degrees of resistance to some pesticides in pear orchards.Avermectin,a high efficiency and low toxicity pesticide used in pear orchards frequently,was used for 5-7 times in a year to control many kinds of pests,such as G.molesta,Aphis citricola Van der Goot,Tetranychus viennensis Zacher,and so on.Over the past 20 years,the application concentration of avermectin has increased by 40 times in pear orchards due to its high dose and exceessive usage times.Studies on avermectin mainly focus on its toxicity,control efficacy,management and efficience in pear orchards.The change patterns of resistance and sensitiveness were studied with lethal concentration of 50%of avermectin to G.molesta in this paper.By studying the resistance and sensitivity changes,it is expected to obtain change patterns of resistance,development speed,resistance heritability of G.molesta to avermectin,and its interaction resistance with other pesticides that were also used in pear orchards,such as imidacloprid,chlorphenicol benzamide,lambda-cyhalothrin and so on.The objective of this experiment was to obtain theoretical basis for reasonable use avermectin to delay the development of its resistance in pear orchards.【Methods】In order to measure control efficiency of avermectin to G.molesta neonate larvae,the survival rate and damage rate of G.moles

关 键 词：梨小食心虫 阿维菌素 初孵幼虫 抗性风险评估 交互抗性 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学] S436.612[农业科学—园艺学]