砂梨新品种金花早的选育  

Breeding of a new sand pear cultivar Jinhuazao

作　　者：王文明 贾兵[2] 朱立武[2] 刘文琴 张均明 童秋云 吴宗政 鲍利平 WANG Wenming;JIA Bing;ZHU Liwu;LIU Wenqin;ZHANG Junming;TONG Qiuyun;WU Zongzheng;BAO Liping(Science and Technology Experimental Station of She County,Huangshan 245200,Anhui,China;College of Horticulture,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,Anhui,China;Service Center of Zhengcun Town,She County,Huangshan 245200,Anhui,China;Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center of She County,Huangshan 245200,Anhui,China;Huangshan Comprehensive Experimental Station,Huangshan 245200,Anhui,China;Honglinhua Family Farm in She County,Huangshan 245200,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]歙县科技实验站,安徽黄山245200 [2]安徽农业大学园艺学院,合肥230036 [3]歙县郑村镇为民服务中心,安徽黄山245200 [4]歙县农业技术推广中心,安徽黄山245200 [5]黄山综合试验站,安徽黄山245200 [6]歙县宏林华家庭农场,安徽黄山245200

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第3期547-551,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28-14)。

摘　　要：金花早属砂梨(Pyrus pyrifolia)品种,为安徽歙县上丰乡徽州雪梨地方梨优良品系。果实呈扁圆形,硬度中等,果肩部有褐色锈斑,果肉乳白色,果心中等大,为5心室,肉质紧密;果皮绿色,平均单果质量350.6 g,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为10.8%,有机酸含量为0.05%。与主栽梨品种秋黄、丰水相比,其果实贮藏性良好,常温下贮藏30 d左右,适应性强,抗早期落叶病。在歙县地区3月10日萌芽,3月20日初花,3月24日盛花,3月30日末花,落叶期为11月2日,成熟期为8月下旬。嫁接苗第5年平均每株产量可达25.3 kg,每666.7 m2产量高达2125.2 kg,产量高而稳定。鲜食与加工兼用。适合长江流域和皖南山区栽培。Jinhuazao is an excellent strain of local sand pear(Pyrus pyrifolia)cultivars in Shangfeng town,She county,Anhui province.In 2008,we surveyed the sand pear germplasm resources in Anhui province and discovered five distinct self-rooted mother trees with moderate fruit size,round fruit shape and outstanding fruit quality,as well as tolerance to early defoliation disease and long storage period.During the preliminary selection,it was temporarily named as Jinhuazao pear.To confirm the hypothesis that these five plants were unprecedented local pear cultivars,we re-investigated the local sand pear germplasm resources during 2009—2010 and successfully constructed a SRAP genetic map for them.According to the phylogenetic tree analysis and DNA electrophoresis results,we revealed that these five plants were distinctive from other surveyed pear strains.Therefore,we subsequently consulted the relevant information and conducted fruit quality evaluation and genetic molecular identification on them,and two of them were selected for further study.After that,we monitored and comparatively analyzed the biological and physiological characteristics and resistance to abiotic stresses between the two selected strains and other pear strains.Fortunately,we obtained a new excellent local sand pear cultivar,which was early maturing,highly yielding,strongly adaptable and more tolerant to early defoliation disease.These support our assumption that Jinhuazao was a characteristic local pear variety that was unrecorded before in Anhui province.A regional evaluation was performed from 2015 to 2020 in Anhui province,and the biological characteristics,phenological period and main economic traits of Jinhuazao were systematically investigated.The results showed that Jinhuazao was a kind of strong and upright pear tree,which was recognized by its strong branching potential but weak branching power in the field.Jiangzaohua sprouted on March 10,and the flowers began to open on March 20,full bloom occurred on March 24,and flowering ended on March 30.

关 键 词：梨 新品种 金花早 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]