基于中医农业理论创制新型生物农药的实践探索  

Practical Exploration on Development of New Biopesticides Based on The Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Agriculture

作　　者：田向荣[1,2] 陈劲宇 阮班录 黄丽丽[1,4] TIAN Xiangrong;CHEN Jinyu;RUAN Banlu;HUANG Lili(State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Xianyang Vocational and Technical College,Xianyang Shaanxi 712000,China;College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]咸阳职业技术学院,陕西咸阳712000 [4]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物医学》2024年第1期1-7,共7页Plant Health and Medicine

基　　金：咸阳市秦创原科技创新专项(2021ZDZX-NY-0001,L2022QCYZXNY001);2022—2023年咸阳中医农业科技特派员计划支持.

摘　　要：中医农业是利用中医药基本理论和方法解决现代农业生产过程中遇到的诸多实际问题,是实现生态农业与有机农业的重要途径.本文分析了4个中医农业探索案例.首先论述了从“清热解毒”类传统中药复方及其单味药材中挖掘苦参碱、小檗碱和大黄素甲醚等植物源农药,提出了传统“清热解毒”类中药复方及其单味中药是新型植物源农药创制的重要来源;接着对中药天仙子中挖掘具有新颖结构的天仙子新碱以创制新型植物免疫诱抗剂和植物生长调节剂进行了阐述,从药效物质基础的角度对铁线莲属植物发挥“整体”药效以挖掘新颖结构农用活性分子的潜力进行了归纳;最后对猕猴桃溃疡病防治技术中的“治未病”策略、“两前两后”关键防控技术以及复方生物菌剂创制进行了阐述.以上中医农业实践探索为更好地利用中医药理论和资源创制新型生物农药提供了思路和借鉴.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)agriculture is the use of basic theories and methods of traditional Chinese medicines to solve many practical problems encountered in modern agriculture.It is an important strategy to achieve ecological and organic agriculture.This paper analyzes 4 cases of TCM agriculture practices.Firstly,the case of exploring botanical pesticides including matrine,berberine,and physcion from heat-clearing and detoxicating TCM formulas and their single herbs was analyzed,and proposed that these TCM formulas and their single herbs were important sources to develop botanical pesticides.Then,the exploration of new nigeroate from Hyoscyamus niger to develop novel plant elicitor and growth regulator was described.We summarized the overall efficacy of Clematis plants and its potential on exploration of the novel agroactive molecules based on the view of therapeutic material basis.Finally,this paper concluded the strategy of preventive treatment of disease,key technique of Liangqian Lianghou,and development of compound microbial agents for control of kiwifruit bacterial canker.The above TCM agriculture practices provided ideas and references for better utilizing TCM medicine theories and resources to develop new biopesticides.

关 键 词：中医农业 生物农药 清热解毒 整体药效 治未病 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]