不同土壤消毒方式对烟草青枯病及根际微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Disinfection Methods on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt and Rhizosphere Microbial Community

作　　者：代玉豪 杨亮[1] 肖庆驹 高紫鹏 张峰境 陈少鹏[2] 丁伟[1] DAI Yuhao;YANG Liang;XIAO Qingju;GAO Zipeng;ZHANG Fengjing;CHEN Shaopeng;DING Wei(College of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Tobacco Company,Chongqing 400023,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆400715 [2]中国烟草总公司重庆市公司,重庆400023

出　　处：《植物医学》2024年第1期33-44,共12页Plant Health and Medicine

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重庆市公司科技项目(B20221NY1312).

摘　　要：为明确不同土壤消毒方式对烟草青枯病的防治效果,探讨不同消毒方式在生产上的应用价值,解析不同消毒方式对土壤的微生态效应,本研究通过田间小区试验探究了不同土壤消毒方式石灰氮(CC)、棉隆(DMTT)、氯溴异氰尿酸(CCA)和三氯异氰尿酸(TA)对烤烟青枯病发生及根际微生物的影响.结果表明,整个调查期间DMTT、TA处理病情指数和发病率均明显低于空白对照,发病高峰期调查结果显示相对防效分别为44.76%,37.06%.同时,CC、DMTT、TA处理后均明显降低了烟草根际土壤青枯菌的含量.不同土壤消毒方式处理改变了土壤微生物的多样性,DMTT、CCA、TA均在一定程度上降低了细菌、真菌群落多样性和丰富度,与空白对照相比,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在各处理相对占比皆下降,其中DMTT下降最多,达28.14%;土壤消毒处理后根际土壤种厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对占比均上升.在烟草根际土壤中,青枯菌的相对丰度与Solicoccozya表现出正相关,相关系数为0.85(p<0.001);4种土壤消毒剂均降低了短杆菌属(Solicoccozya)的相对丰度,其中,DMTT降低最多,为98.00%,TA降低了52.82%.综上所述,棉隆、三氯异氰尿酸土壤消毒处理可以有效降低病原菌相关微生物的数量,优化土壤微生态环境,遏制烟草青枯病的发生,值得在一定区域推广使用.In order to clarify the control effect of different soil disinfection methods on tobacco bacterial wilt,explore the application technology and value of different disinfection methods in production,and analyze the microecological effect of different disinfection methods on soil,in this paper,the effects of different soil disinfection methods on the occurrence of flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt and rhizosphere microorganisms were investigated through field plot experiments.The results showed that the disease index and incidence of DMTT and TA treatments were significantly lower than that of control during the whole adjustment period.The results also showed that the relative prevention effectiveness was 47.76%and 37.06%.At the same time,CC,DMTT and TA treatments significantly reduced the content of solanacardia in tobacco rhizosphere soil.DMTT,CCA and TA all reduced the diversity and richness of bacterial and fungal communities to a certain extent.Compared with the control group,the relative proportion of Proteobacteria in each treatment decreased,with the most decreasing in DMTT,which reached 28.14%.Secondly,the relative proportion of Firmicutes in rhizosphere soil increased after soil disinfection.In the rhizosphere soil of tobacco,the relative abundance of solanacearia showed a very significant positive correlation with Solicoccozya,and the correlation coefficient was 0.85(p<0.001).All the four soil disinfectants reduced the relative abundance of Solicoccozya,among which,DMTT reduced the most(98.00%)and TA reduced 52.82%.In summary,the soil disinfection treatment with dazomet and trichloroisocyanuric acid can effectively reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria related microorganisms,optimize the soil micro-ecological environment,and curb the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt,which can be applied in production in some areas.

关 键 词：土壤消毒 烟草青枯病 微生物16S测序 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]