具身认知向何处去?——兼论第二代认知科学的肇端、愿景与隐忧  

Where Should the Embodied Cognition Go?—Also on the Origin,Visions and Concerns of the Second-generation Cognitive Science

作　　者：陈巍 CHEN Wei(Department of Psychology,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 31200,Zhejiang China;Interdisciplinary Center for Philosophy and Cognitive Science,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院心理学系,浙江绍兴312000 [2]中国人民大学哲学与认知科学交叉平台,北京100080

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期73-84,共12页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学新兴交叉学科重大扶持项目(21XXJC05ZD);国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA043)。

摘　　要：以具身认知为代表的第二代认知科学质疑了“物理符号系统假设”及其衍生的计算表征主义,其核心观点旨在解释全部感知、认知和运动能力依赖于自主体身体的各个方面。基于上述共识,4E认知借助突出感知运动系统在认知过程中的作用,认知可供性理论,基于知觉经验的具身概念等一系列观念与证据描绘出一幅第二代认知科学的蓝图愿景。然而,神经还原主义的魔咒提醒具身认知研究者,仅仅描述神经元的激活模式无法解释心理活动或认知过程是如何发生的。解释的贫瘠使得具身认知效应的信度和效度屡被质疑。预测加工对认知“三明治模型”的消解,从认识论根源上超越了两代认知科学围绕身心问题争论的历史僵局。具身认知在当前遇到的诸多困境警示了第二代认知科学仍存在方法论隐忧,未来围绕具身认知目的、方法、概念基础和动机的辩论,将持续为认知科学内部多学科之间的交流、交锋与交融提供新灵感。The second-generation cognitive science,represented by embodied cognition,challenges the"physical symbol system hypothesis"and its derived computational representation.Its core view is to explain that all of our perceptual,cognitive,and motor abilities are constitutively dependent on aspects of the agent's body.Based on the above consensus,the 4E cognition has drawn a vision of the secondgeneration cognitive science by highlighting the role of the perceptual-motor system in the cognitive process,cognitive affordance,and the concept of embodiment based on perceptual experience.However,the spell of neuron reductionism,the reproducibility of empirical evidence,the lack of explanations and the dissolution of the predictive processing on the cognitive"sandwich model"all warn of the methodological pitfalls of the second-generation cognitive science.Due to the lack of explanation,the reliability and validity of embodied cognitive effect are often questioned.From the epistemological origin,the resolution of the cognitive"sandwich model"by predictive processing transcends the historical deadlock in the debate between the two generations of cognitive science on physical and mental issues.Many difficulties encountered by embodied cognition at present warn that there are still hidden worries in methodology in the second generation of cognitive science,and the future debate on the purpose,method,conceptual basis and motivation of embodied cognition will continue to provide new inspiration for the exchange,confrontation and blending of multi-disciplines within cognitive science.

关 键 词：具身 具身认知 认知科学 物理符号系统假设 镜像神经元 社会可供性 

分 类 号：G30[文化科学] N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]