体外获得成熟配子的研究进展和难点  

Research progress and difficulties on obtaining mature gametes in vitro

作　　者：马昕芮 冯蕾 孙莹璞[1] 王海松 Ma Xinrui;Feng Lei;Sun Yingpu;Wang Haisong(Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics,Zhengzhou 450052,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院生殖医学中心、河南省生殖与遗传重点实验室,郑州450052

出　　处：《中华生殖与避孕杂志》2024年第2期197-200,共4页Chinese Journal of Reproduction and Contraception

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81901476)。

摘　　要：成熟配子包括来自于父本的精子和来自母本的卵子,两者发生精卵结合形成受精卵从而发育为成熟个体。体外获得成熟配子的研究目前主要集中在通过体外诱导分化胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)或诱导性多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)获得成熟配子。因为多能性干细胞(pluripotent stem cells,PSCs)在体外特定条件下可以分化形成包括原始生殖细胞在内的三胚层组织,所以PSCs在体外通过诱导分化和减数分裂等过程可以获得成熟配子,进而获得后代。本文围绕成熟配子的产生过程,综述体外产生成熟配子的研究进展和需要攻克的难点。Mature gametes include sperms originating from the male and oocytes originating from the female.The sperm and oocyte combine to form a fertilized oocyte and develop into a mature individual.At present,the research on obtaining gametes in vitro mainly focuses on obtaining mature gametes by inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells(ESCs)or induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)in vitro.In vitro,under specific conditions,pluripotent stem cells(PSCs)can differentiate into three germ layers tissues which include primordial germ cells.Therefore,by inducing differentiation and meiosis in vitro of PSCs,researchers can obtain mature gametes and offspring.Focusing on the production process of mature gametes,this paper summarized the research progress and difficulties to be overcome in the production of mature gametes in vitro.

关 键 词：卵母细胞 精原细胞 减数分裂 多能性干细胞 原始生殖细胞 

分 类 号：R321[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]