耐密型大豆品种农艺和产量性状对增密减肥的响应  

Response of Agronomic and Yield Traits to Increasing Density and Nitrogen Reduction of Density-tolerant Soybean Varieties

作　　者：孙贺祥 张子娇 何德鑫 姚兴东[1] 张惠君[1] 王海英[1] 于翠梅[1] 关欣[1] 李春红[1] 敖雪[1] 谢甫绨[1] SUN He-xiang;ZHANG Zi-jiao;HE De-xin;YAO Xing-dong;ZHANG Hui-jun;WANG Hai-ying;YU Cui-mei;GUAN Xin;LI Chun-hong;AO Xue;XIE Fu-ti(College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Agriculture,Eastern Liaoning University,Dandong Liaoning 118000,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110161 [2]辽东学院农学院,辽宁丹东118000

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2023年第6期641-650,共10页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2021YFD1201102)。

摘　　要：施肥水平和种植密度是影响大豆产量的两个关键因素。为发挥大豆品种的产量潜力,明确增密减肥的产量形成机理,实现绿色高效生产,以大豆普通品种辽豆11(L11)和耐密型品种辽豆14(L14)为试材,采用裂-裂区设计,2个品种为主区,2个种植密度(15万株·hm^(-2)和30万株·hm^(-2))为裂区,3个磷酸二铵施肥水平为再裂区,即150 kg·hm^(-2)(N1,生产施肥常量),112.5 kg·hm^(-2)(N2,减少25%施肥量),75 kg·hm^(-2)(N3,减少50%施肥量),研究增密减肥对大豆叶片光合生理参数、植株倒伏率、农艺性状和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:种植密度在30万株·hm^(-2)条件下,耐密植品种L14的节间数、LAI、SPAD和产量显著高于普通品种L11。施肥量在112.5 kg·hm^(-2)条件下,耐密品种L14的产量、节间数、SPAD均增加,且在R5时期仍维持较高的光合生产能力,植株倒伏率显著低于普通品种L11。耐密植品种L14种植密度由15万株·hm^(-2)增加到30万株·hm^(-2),籽粒产量随种植密度增产12.8%。在常规施肥量减少25%的条件下,耐密品种L14种植密度由15万·hm^(-2)增加到30万株·hm^(-2)时籽粒产量比低密植常量施肥增产16.0%。综上,增密减肥与耐密型品种相结合,可以降低大豆群体的植株倒伏率和植株结荚高度,增加节间数和株高,提高大豆群体产量和肥料利用效率,实现高产高效。Nitrogen fertilizer and planting density are two key factors affecting soybean yield.In order to exploit the yield potential of soybean varieties and clarify the yield formation mechanism of increasing density and reducing nitrogen for safe and efficient production.The common soybean varieties L11 and the high planting density-tolerant soybean varieties L14 were used as test materials,using the split-split zone design,two varieties as the main region,two planting densities(150000 plants·hm^(-2)and 300000 plants·hm^(-2))as split plots,and Ammonium phosphate application rates(150 kg·hm^(-2),112.5 kg·hm^(-2),and 75 kg·hm^(-2))as re-split plots.The effects of increasing density and nitrogen reduction on photosynthetic physiological parameters,lodging rate,agronomic traits and grain yield of soybean leaves were studied.The results showed that under the planting density of 300000 plants·hm^(-2),the internode number,LAI,SPAD and yield of L14 were significantly higher than those of L11.The yield,internode number and SPAD of L14 were increased under the nitrogen application rate of 112.5 kg·hm^(-2),and the photosynthetic parameter value was still higher at R5 growth stage,and lodging rate was significantly lower than those of L11.The planting density of dense-tolerant variety L14 increased from 150000 plants·hm^(-2)to 300000 plants·hm^(-2),and the grain yield increased by 12.8%with the planting density.Under the condition of 25%reduction in the conventional fertilizer rates,the grain yield of the dense-tolerant variety L14 increased by 16.0%when the planting density increased from 150000 plants·hm^(-2)to 300000 plants·hm^(-2)than that of the low-density constant fertilization.In conclusion,The combination of Increasing density and lower nitrogen application with density-tolerant varieties reduced the lodging rate and the podding lowest height of soybean population,increased the internode numbers and plant height,improved the yield of soybean population and fertilizer utilization efficiency,and achieved high yie

关 键 词：大豆 种植密度 肥料 品种 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S529[农业科学—作物学]