基于Meta分析的黄河三角洲玉米产量及肥效特征  

Characteristics of Maize Yield and Fertilizer Efficiency in Yellow River Delta Based on Meta Analysis

作　　者：梁海波 李升东[2] 刘丰华 曹永昌 王香玲 徐艳 LIANG Haibo;LI Shengdong;LIU Fenghua;CAO Yongchang;WANG Xiangling;XU Yan(Dongying Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dongying,Shandong 257091;Crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100;Dongying Yellow River Delta Junmachang Group Co.,Ltd.,Dongying,Shandong 257231)

机构地区：[1]东营市农业农村局,山东东营257091 [2]山东省农科院作物研究所,济南250100 [3]东营黄河三角洲军马场实业投资集团有限公司,山东东营257231

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第4期103-110,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-22)。

摘　　要：为解析黄河三角洲玉米产量分布及施肥效应,指导玉米合理高效施肥,分析2010—2020年黄河三角洲的143组玉米田间肥料试验,对不同扇面区域的玉米产量分布以及肥料利用率、产量差贡献率、相对产量、农学效率和偏生产力等进行统计和计算。结果表明,玉米平均产量6.81 t/hm^(2),不同扇面区域产量变幅较大,为2.63~9.52 t/hm^(2),第二扇面玉米产量显著低于第一、三扇面。施用氮、磷、钾肥的增产率均值分别为40.88%、8.49%、2.18%。基于Boundary line模型模拟的产量差为3.01 t/hm^(2),高产记录产量差为2.49 t/hm^(2),氮肥对产量差的贡献率最大,磷、钾肥次之。玉米氮、磷、钾肥的相对产量分别为0.76、0.99、1.05,氮肥农学效率、偏生产力分别为8.64、33.78 kg/kg,磷肥为2.85、86.12 kg/kg,钾肥为17.97、148.01 kg/kg。综上,氮为玉米产量的第一限制因子,施肥增产效果为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥。黄河三角洲玉米施肥管理中,应合理减施氮肥,配合土壤改良,以有效消减玉米产量差,达到增产节肥效果。To clarify yield distribution and fertilization effect of maize in the Yellow River Delta,this study analyzed 143 sets of data of maize filed experiments in different sector areas from 2010 to 2020,in which yield distribution,fertilizer use efficiency,yield gap contribution efficiency,relative yield,agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were analyzed.The results showed that with an average yield of 6.81 t/hm^(2),maize yield varied greatly from 2.63 to 9.52 t/hm^(2) in different sector areas.The maize yield in the second sector was significantly lower than that in the first and third sectors.Applying nitrogen fertilizer increased maize yield by 40.88%,while phosphorus fertilizer by 8.49%and potassium fertilizer by 2.18%.Based on the model simulation of Boundary line,the yield gap was 3.01 t/hm^(2),and the gap of high yield records was 2.49 t/hm^(2).The yield gap contribution efficiency of nitrogen was the largest,followed by phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.The relative yields of N,P and K fertilizer were 0.76,0.99 and 1.05,respectively.The agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were 8.64 and 33.78 kg/kg,while 2.85 and 86.12 kg/kg for phosphorus fertilizer,and 17.97 kg/kg and 148.01 kg/kg for potassium fertilizer.Nitrogen was the first limit factor of maize yield,which had a good effect on yield increasing,followed by phosphorus and potassium.Reducing nitrogen input and improving soil in the Yellow River Delta were effective measurements to decrease yield gap of maize,which will be helpful for increasing yield and saving fertilizer.

关 键 词：玉米 黄河三角洲 增产量 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S14-33[农业科学—肥料学]