西方民族政治学理论的三种基本类型及现实影响  

Three Basic Types of Western Theories of Ethnopolitics and Their Practical Influence

作　　者：吴孝刚 Wu Xiaogang

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)社会和生态文明教研部,北京市100091 [2]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地,北京市100091

出　　处：《民族研究》2023年第6期1-11,M0002,共12页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究专项项目“习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想研究”(项目编号:23VMZ009)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：学界对西方当代民族政策模式的基本性质的系统性总结提炼不足,致使不能较好地呈现其宏观的理论格局,让人无从了解西方的某种民族政策处于何种位置。根据本体论取向可以概括出西方民族政治学理论的三大基本类型:个体本位型、群体本位型和整体本位型。个体本位型理论强调个体权利优先,主张对群体性差异采取无视态度;群体本位型理论强调群体平等,主张肯定群体性差异并将其制度化;整体本位型理论强调社会团结,主张对群体性差异进行限制。确定基本类型的目的不在于归类,而在于定位。作为理想型的三种基本类型并不能将所有的西方国家民族政策严格归类,很多民族政策处于两个类型之间。但三种基本类型的划分提供了对西方民族政策进行定位的坐标,借此可以确定不同政策在整个宏观理论格局中的基本方位。The academic circle lacks a systematic summary of the fundamental nature of various ethnic policies in the modern West.Consequently,it is a challenge to the presentation of the macro-theoretical framework and the position of a particular Western ethnic policy.Based on the ontological orientation of the theories,three basic types of contemporary Western theories of ethnopolitics can be summarized:individual-centric,group-centric and holistic-centric.The individual-centric type emphasizes individual rights as apriority and advocates disregarding group differences.The group-centric type emphasizes group equality,and advocates the acknowledgment and the institutionalization of group differences.The holistic-centric type emphasizes social unity,and advocates restrictions on group differences.The purpose of determining these basic types is not for classification but for positioning.As ideal types,the three basic types do not strictly categorize all Western ethnic policies because many of them fall between the two types,but the division into the three basic types provides a coordinate for orienting Western ethnic policies in such a way that the basic orientation of the different policies in the overall macro-theoretical landscape can be determined.

关 键 词：西方 民族政治学理论 个体本位 群体本位 整体本位 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学] D06