蜜柚果园几种水土保持技术的集成效应研究  

Study on the Integration Effects of Several Soil Conservation Techniques in Honey Pomelo Orchard

作　　者：李发林[1] 张天翔[1] 林晓君 林永贤 蒋芳市[3] 曹明华[1] 林文生 史国强[1] LI Falin;ZHANG Tianxiang;LIN Xiaojun;LIN Yongxian;JIANG Fanshi;CAO Minghua;LIN Wensheng;SHI Guoqiang(Fujian Institute of Tropical Crops,Zhangzhou Municipality of Fujian Province 363001;Zhangzhou Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau,Zhangzhou Municipality of Fujian Province 363001;College of Resources and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou Municipality of Fujian Province 350002;Pinghe County Water Conservancy Bureau,Pinghe County of Fujian Province 363700)

机构地区：[1]福建省热带作物科学研究所,福建漳州363001 [2]漳州市水利局,福建漳州363001 [3]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002 [4]平和县水利局,福建平和363700

出　　处：《亚热带水土保持》2024年第1期13-17,35,共6页Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：福建省科研公益专项(柚果园土壤酸化治理关键技术研究与示范);福建省水利厅科技项目(琯溪蜜柚山地果园水土流失综合防治集成研究)。

摘　　要：为了更好地促进水土保持科技的创新与发展,推广与示范果园水土保持新技术,助推果业的高质量发展,利用径流小区法研究在蜜柚果园集成带状生草、集流槽、覆盖防草布、施肥管等几种水土保持技术时的效应。结果表明:技术集成都可以极显著减少果园径流量(减少40.0%以上),且果园采用“带状生草+防草布+集流槽”管理时,径流最少;降低了氮磷流失量,分别为70.7%~96.7%和81.297.9%;布置的各种措施,都可明显降低土壤侵蚀量,且“带状生草+防草布+集流槽”和“带状生草+防草布+施肥管”效果尤其好,分别为自然生草侵蚀量的16.7%和22.2%;对果园5~10cm土层土壤影响不大;对25~30cm土层土壤含水量影响较大,“带状生草+防草布+施肥管”比自然生草区土壤含水量增加22.80%,有极显著的效果,而“带状生草+防草布+集流槽”比自然生草区土壤含水量增加14.43%,效果显著;对蜜柚叶片重和氮磷含量影响不大。In order to better promote the innovation and development of soil and water conservation technology,promote and demonstrate new technologies for soil and water conservation in orchards,and promote the high-quality development of the fruit industry,it was studied the effects of integrating several soil and water conservation technologies by the runoff plot method in honey pomelo orchards,such as strip shaped grass,collecting channels,covering with grass prevention cloth,and fertilization pipes,etc.The results show that the integration of technology can significantly reduce orchard runoff more than 40.0%.The application of strip grass+anti grass cloth+drainage channel management in orchard with least runoff can reduce the loss amount of nitrogen and phosphorus by 70.7%-96.7%and 81.2%-97.9%respectively.The various measures arranged can significantly reduce soil erosion.The measures of strip grass+anti grass cloth+catchment channel and strip grass+anti grass cloth+fertilizer pipe are very effective,accounting for 16.7%and 22.2%of the natural grass erosion amount respectively.The impact is not significant in the 5-10cm soil layer of the orchard,while the soil moisture content has a significant impact in the 25-30cm soil layer.The measure of Ribbon grass+anti grass cloth+fertilizer pipe increases the soil moisture content in the natural grass growing area by 22.80%,with a very significant effect.The measure of Ribbon grass+anti grass cloth+flow channel increase the soil moisture content in the natural grass growing area by 14.43%,with a significant effect,while it has no significant effect on the leaf weight and nitrogen and phosphorus content of honey pomelo.

关 键 词：蜜柚果园 水土保持技术 集成 效应 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]