再议汉代单综双踏板斜织机织造原理  

Rediscussion of the Weaving Mechanism of Single-Heddle Double-Pedal Slanted Loom in the Han Dynasty

作　　者：金琳 罗群 JIN Lin;LUO Qun(China National Silk Museum,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国丝绸博物馆,浙江杭州310002

出　　处：《浙江纺织服装职业技术学院学报》2024年第1期20-26,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technology

摘　　要：汉代流行的单综双踏板斜织机是世界上首先用脚踏提综开口的素织机,它的机械原理已有学者进行复原尝试,但在控制经线开口机构、效率性等方面尚需再研究。文章试图通过汉画像石斜织机经面描绘细节和汉代斜织机釉陶模型,结合元代《农书》记载织机,参照目前留存于浙江畲族农村相似类型织机,复原了上下开口单综双踏板斜织机,复原织机分两层经面,其中上层经面张力固定,下层经面通过张力补偿,实现自然和提综开口的高效切换,使用打纬刀引纬和打纬,这种织机可能和采用两层经面张力补偿的斜织机成为汉代单综双踏板斜织机的两类机型。The popular single-heddle double-pedal slanted loom in Han Dynasty is the first plain loom in the world to open by lifting the heddle with foot pedal.Its mechanical principle has been restored by scholars,but it needs further study in the aspects of controlling the warp opening mechanism and efficiency.This study attempts to restore the upper and lower open single-heddle doublepedal slanted loom by using the details depicted in portrait of the stone slanted loom and the glazed pottery model of the slanted loom of the Han Dynasty,combined with the looms recorded in the Nongshu of the Yuan Dynasty,and referring to similar types of looms retained in the She ethnic rural areas of Zhejiang Province.The restored loom is divided into two layers of warp surface,in which the upper warp surface tension is fixed and the lower warp surface tension is compensated to realize the efficient switching of natural and heddle-lifting opening,using the weft knife to draw and beat the weft.This loom together with the slanted loom with two-layer warp tension compensation may become the two types of single-heddle double-pedal slanted looms in Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：单综双踏板斜织机 经丝开口 经线张力补偿 畲族 汉代 

分 类 号：K875.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]