健康谣言的干预策略:基于信息生命周期的视角  

Intervention strategies for health rumors:An overview based on the information lifecycle theory

作　　者：吕小康[1] 刘欣[1] 杨婷婷[1] 付春野 LYU Xiaokang;LIU Xin;YANG Tingting;FU Chunye(Department of Social Psychology,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学社会心理学系,天津300350

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2024年第4期664-676,共13页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20ASH015)资助。

摘　　要：如何有效治理健康谣言是社交媒体时代的一大难题。健康谣言传播具有信息和信息加工主体两个层面的驱动因素,可依据信息生命周期理论将其分为产生期、评价期和传播期三阶段,系统归纳与分析不同阶段的健康谣言干预策略:产生期重在预防,强调对大众进行心理接种、提升自身健康素养;评价期关注个体的主观能动性,包括聚焦信息准确性以及促进自身分析式加工;传播期通过提高辟谣信息可信度、善用反驳文本和调节个体情绪状态,实现精准辟谣。未来研究可继续创新信息生命周期视角下健康谣言的治理策略,细化考察不同类型与易感人群下的干预手段;归纳与验证不同策略在现实世界中的应用效果,充分发挥行为科学与网络平台对建立健康谣言干预的长效机制的作用。Intervening in the proliferation of health rumors presents a significant challenge in the era of social media.This paper delves into the multifaceted aspects of health rumor dynamics,identifying driving factors at the intersection of information and information processing entities.Utilizing the Information Lifecycle Theory,we delineate this phenomenon into three distinct stages:generation,evaluation,and dissemination.A systematic exploration of intervention strategies is undertaken across these stages.During the generation phase,a preventative approach takes precedence,emphasizing activities such as instilling psychological resilience in the public and enhancing individual health literacy.Shifting to the evaluation stage,the focus sharpens on individual agency,with particular attention to information accuracy and the promotion of analytical processing.In the dissemination phase,precision in debunking is achieved through bolstering the credibility of refutation information,effectively employing refutation texts,and regulating individual emotional states.Future research endeavors are encouraged to further innovate intervention strategies under the framework of the information lifecycle.This involves a meticulous examination of refined intervention methods tailored to diverse rumor types and susceptible populations.Additionally,emphasis is placed on the synthesis and validation of real-world application effects,leveraging insights from behavioral science and online platforms to establish enduring mechanisms for effectively intervening in health rumors.

关 键 词：健康谣言 错误信息 网络谣言 心理接种 真相三明治 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]