长期化肥与不同有机物料配施对土壤微生物生态化学计量特征和群落结构的影响  

Effects of long-term combined application of chemical fertilizers with different organic materials on soil microbial ecological stoichiometry and community structure

作　　者：程琪 毛霞丽 孙涛[1] 王湘洁 马庆旭 吴良欢[1] CHENG Qi;MAO Xia-li;SUN Tao;WANG Xiang-jie;MA Qing-xu;WU Liang-huan(College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058,China;ZJU-Anqing Yangtze Delta Future Industry Institute,Anqing,Anhui 246000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院/浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室,浙江杭州310058 [2]安庆市长三角未来产业研究院,安徽安庆246000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第2期209-220,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32102488,32172674);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LZ23C150002);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2022C02018,2023C02016)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究长期化肥与不同有机物料配施对黄泥田土壤养分含量、土壤微生物生物量化学计量特征以及土壤微生物群落结构的影响,探讨微生物群落结构对养分变化的响应特征及其与微生物生物量化学计量变化的关系。【方法】田间试验开始于2011年,种植制度为单季稻。选取不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥配施紫云英(NPKGM)、化肥配施牛粪(NPKCM)和化肥配施水稻秸秆(NPKRS)5个处理。2022年水稻收获后采样,测定土壤有机质(SOM)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、可溶性有机氮(DON)及全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)和有效磷(AP)、无机氮(IN)含量以及微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量,并计算化学计量比;利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法,分析微生物群落结构并计算相应指标。【结果】与NPK处理相比,化肥与紫云英、牛粪、水稻秸秆配施均能提高土壤有机质和养分含量,其中与牛粪配施的提升效果最好,SOM、TN、AP含量分别提高了40.7%、41.6%、108.6%。与CK相比,化肥与不同有机物料配施均显著提高了土壤MBC/MBN,降低了MBC/MBP和MBN/MBP,以配施牛粪处理的MBC/MBP最低。与NPK处理相比,化肥与不同有机物料配施均增加了土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌和总微生物生物量,降低了真菌/细菌(F/B)和革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌(G^(+)/G^(−))。冗余分析表明,土壤TN(P<0.05)是影响土壤微生物群落的最为关键环境因子,其次是土壤TP(P<0.05)。线性回归分析表明,MBC/MBN与DOC/(DON+IN)呈显著负相关,MBC/MBP与DOC/AP、MBN/MBP与(DON+IN)/AP均呈显著正相关。相关性分析表明,微生物生物量化学计量比的变化可能与F/B、G^(+)/G^(−)的值的变化密切相关,说明真菌与细菌、革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌等优势种群发生变化,可以在一定程度上引起微生物生物量化学计量比的变化。【结论】化肥与紫云英、牛粪、秸秆等有机物料配施,不仅可有效提高黄泥田土壤�【Objectives】The effects of the combined application of chemical fertilizer with different organic materials on soil nutrient content,soil microbial biomass stoichiometric ratios and microbial community structures were studied in Yellow clayey paddy soil,to understand the response of microbial community structure to nutrient changes and the microbial biomass stoichiometric changes.【Methods】The research based on a 12-years field experiment beginning since 2011,under single rice cropping system.Soil samples were collected in five treatment plots,including no fertilization(CK),chemical fertilizers(NPK),and chemical fertilizers with milk vetch(NPKGM),cow manure(NPKCM),and rice straw(NPKRS).Soil organic matter(SOM),dissolved organic carbon(DOC),dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),inorganic nitrogen(IN),total nitrogen(TN)and available phosphorous(AP)contents,the microbial biomass carbon(MBC),nitrogen(MBN)and phosphorus(MBP)contents were measured.The microbial community structure was analyzed by phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)method.【Results】Compared with NPK,long-term combined application with milk vetch,cow manure and rice straw improved soil organic matter and nutrient content.NPKCM treatment exhibited the highest promotion effect,with the increment in SOM,TN,and AP by 40.7%,41.6%,and 108.6%,respectively.Compared with CK,long-term combined application treatments increased the soil MBC/MBN,but decreased MBC/MBP and MBN/MBP(P<0.05),with the lowest MBC/MBP recorded in NPKCM.Compared to NPK,combined applications increased soil bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes,and total microbial biomass,and reduced fungi/bacteria ratios(F/B)and G^(+)/G^(−)ratio.Redundancy analysis showed that soil TN(P<0.05)was the most important environmental factor affecting soil microbial community,followed by soil TP(P<0.05).Linear regression analysis indicated that MBC/MBN had negative correlation with DOC/(DON+IN),MBC/MBP had positive correlation with DOC/AP,and MBN/MBP had positive correlation with(DON+IN)/AP.Correlation analysis proved that th

关 键 词：长期施肥 土壤养分 有机物料 微生物生物量 微生物群落 生态化学计量学 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]