风险分配:理解城市自然灾害风险治理的新视角  

Risk Allocation:A New Perspective to Understand the Risk Governance of Urban Natural Disasters

作　　者：高光涵 Gao Guanghan(Nankai University,Tianjin 300350)

机构地区：[1]南开大学,天津300350

出　　处：《天津行政学院学报》2024年第2期57-64,共8页Journal of Tianjin Administration Institute

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2023年度学科共建项目“地方政府舆情回应效能评估及提升路径研究——基于粤港澳大湾区的实践研究”(GD23XGL123)。

摘　　要：建立以个体为中心的城市自然灾害风险治理体系是实现共同安全的关键路径。风险分配为理解面向个体的城市自然灾害风险治理提供了一个新视角。城市自然灾害风险分配是居于城市的个体在复杂的社会过程与空间结构运作下所面临的自然灾害事件的突发可能性与潜在危害性的程度,具有自然性的均等分配、社会性的差异分配和个体性的独立分配三重特性。城市自然灾害的“压力—状态—响应”过程形塑了城市自然灾害风险分配从天然分配、累加分配到消减分配的时间过程,每一过程阶段的分配受到城市、社区、家庭与个体四个圈层的空间结构影响。基于风险分配视角,当前城市自然灾害风险治理呈现出“倒金字塔”治理结构,且“中端挤压式”的治理过程缩减了风险分配的周期过程,因此个体的风险分配应作为优化城市自然灾害风险治理策略的重要参考。Establishing an individual-oriented urban natural disaster risk governance system is the key path to achieving common security,The“risk allocation”provides a new perspective for understanding the individual-oriented urban natural disaster risk governance.Urban natural disaster risk allocation refers to the sudden possibility and potential harmfulness of natural disasters undertaken by individuals living in cities under the operation of complex social processes and spatial structures.It has three characteristics:natural equal distribution,social differential distribution,and individual independent distribution.The“pressure-state-response”process of urban natural disaster governance shapes the time process of urban natural disaster risk allocation from natural allocation,cumulative allocation to reduction allocation,and the allocation in each process stage is influenced by the spatial structure of four dimensions:city,community,family,and individual.Based on the perspective of risk allocation,the current urban natural disaster risk governance presents the problems that the“inverted pyramid”governance structure tilts the risk allocation circle structure and the“middle-end squeeze”governance process shortens the risk allocation cycle process.Thus,individual risk distribution should be regarded as an important reference to optimize the risk governance strategy of urban natural disasters.

关 键 词：城市安全 共同安全 自然灾害 风险分配 风险治理 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]