影响反刍动物氮利用的因素及其优化措施  

Factors affecting nitrogen utilization in ruminants and optimizationmeasures

作　　者：王悦颖 张博琦 曹茂盛 陈通[1] 李纯锦[1] 周虚[1] WANG Yueying;ZHANG Boqi;CHAO Maosheng;CHEN Tong;LI Chunjin;ZHOU Xu(College of Animal Science,Jilin University,Changchun 130062.China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学动物科学学院,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2023年第12期2618-2624,共7页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：吉林省重点研发资助项目(20210202103NC,20210202048NC);长春市重点研发资助项目(21ZGN05)。

摘　　要：反刍动物对饲粮中氮的利用效率为25%左右,其效率的高低会受到许多因素影响,主要包括瘤胃微生物的结构及种类、遗传因素、尿素氮循环效率和饲粮蛋白质水平等。反刍动物的过量氮排泄不仅会造成饲粮蛋白质的浪费,更会造成环境污染。本文阐述了影响反刍动物氮利用及生产的因素,并对基于提高氮利用效率进而提高饲料效率的优化措施进行了总结,旨在为提高反刍动物氮素利用效率、降低饲养成本和减少环境污染提供方向。The utilization efficiency of dietary nitrogen in ruminants is about 25%,its efficiency is influenced by many factors,including the structure and species of rumen microorganisms,genetic factors,the efficiency of urea nitrogen cycle and dietary protein level,etc.Excessive nitrogen excretion by ruminants not only lead to waste of dietary protein,but also cause environmental pollution.This article describes the factors affecting nitrogen utilization and production of ruminants and summarizes the optimization measures to improve feed efficiency based on increasing nitrogen utilization efficiency,to provide directions for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of ruminants,reducing feeding costs and reducing environmental pollution.

关 键 词：瘤胃微生物 氮利用效率 尿素氮循环 反刍动物 

分 类 号：Q955[生物学—动物学]