我国环境责任保险风险社会化分配机制的构建与完善——以风险社会化分配为视角  

The Construction and Improvement of the Socialized Distribution Mechanism to China's Environmental Liability Insurance:The Perspective of Socialized Risk Distribution

作　　者：胡思源 Hu Siyuan(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《长沙理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期122-132,共11页Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology：Social Science

基　　金：陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题研究项目(2022HZ1014)。

摘　　要：在环境风险问题日益严峻的形势下,环境责任保险制度不仅是环境风险管理与防控的重要手段之一,而且具有风险社会化分配的重要功能,即通过合理的责任主体风险分配,让原先过度集中在企业个体的风险责任可以分散给保险公司、社会等主体共同承担,以促进各责任主体之间的利益平衡与协调。然而,目前我国环境风险责任分配机制中存在企业投保积极性缺乏、保险人承担风险压力过大及承保能力欠佳、政府的监督管理机制有待加强等问题。在借鉴国外风险分配与利益协调机制有益经验的基础上,提出完善环境责任保险风险分配机制的建议与对策:完善相关法律法规,增强环境责任保险的强制性,明确投保企业的风险责任;扩大承保范围,创新保险险种,促进承保风险再分散,增强保险公司的风险承担能力;加强风险评估与监管,建立并完善环境补偿基金机制,充分发挥政府风险分配的主导作用。In the increasingly serious situation of environmental risk problems,environmental liability insurance system is not only one of the important means for environmental risk management,prevention and control,but also has a crucial function for risk socialized distribution.Through reasonable risk distribution among responsible bodies,the originally over-concentrated risk responsibility in the individual enterprise can be shared to such subjects as insurance company and the society,in order to strongly promote the balance and coordination of interests among the responsible parties.However,there are problems in China's environmental risk liability allocation mechanism at present,such as the enterprises'lack of enthusiasm to insure,the excessive pressure on insurers to bear risks and the poor underwriting capacity,and the need to strengthen government's supervision and management mechanism.Based on the beneficial experience of foreign risk distribution and benefit coordination mechanism,the study puts forward such suggestions and countermeasures to improve the risk distribution mechanism of environmental liability insurance as follows:Firstly perfecting relevant laws and regulations,enhancing the mandatory nature of liability insurance,and clarifying the risk responsibility of the insured enterprises;secondly expanding the coverage scope,innovating insurance types,promoting the re-dispersion of underwriting risk,and reinforcing the risk-bearing capacity of insurance companies;thirdly strengthening risk assessment and supervision,establishing and improving environmental compensation fund mechanism,and giving full play to the government's leading role in risk allocation.

关 键 词：环境责任保险 风险社会化 风险分配 风险责任主体 

分 类 号：D912.284[政治法律—民商法学]