氮钾肥互作对杂交稻产量和辐射利用效率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer Interaction on Yield and Radiation Use Efficiency of Hybrid Rice

作　　者：熊昕 邓俊 尚李岩 盛添 叶佳雨 刘子琛 黄礼英 张运波[1,2] Xiong Xin;Deng Jun;Shang Liyan;Sheng Tian;Ye Jiayu;Liu Zichen;Huang Liying;Zhang Yunbo(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China;Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部长江中游作物绿色高效生产重点实验室(部省共建)/长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心/长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第1期166-173,共8页Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32172108)。

摘　　要：以籼型杂交稻(Y两优900和荃优华占)为供试材料,设置90(N1)、120(N2)和180(N3)kg/hm^(2)3个氮肥量和120(K1)、160(K2)和210(K3)kg/hm^(2)3个钾肥量处理,研究氮钾肥互作对杂交稻产量、干物质积累和辐射利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮钾肥互作效应显著,Y两优900和荃优华占在N2K3和N3K3处理下产量最高,分别达到9.33和9.66 t/hm^(2)。分析产量构成发现,在低氮水平下,增施钾肥对结实率影响显著,其中K2较K1处理提高了3.2%,而K3较K1处理提高了5.6%;在中氮和高氮水平下,增施钾肥对每穗颖花数和结实率均有显著影响。此外,增施钾肥提高了2个品种的干物质积累量、冠层光截获率、拦截辐射量和辐射利用效率,相关分析表明,以上指标均与产量呈显著正相关。因此,适量增钾减氮栽培有利于改善杂交稻的光合辐射利用率,从而增加干物质积累量,进而提高结实率和产量。Field experiments with two hybrid rice variety(Y-Liangyou 900 and Quanyouhuazhan),three N applications(90,120 and 180 kg N/ha)and three K applications(120,160 and 210 kg K/ha)were conducted in clarify the effects of nitrogen(N)and potassium(K)fertilizer interaction on grain yield,dry matter accumulation and radiation use efficiency of hybrid rice.The main results showed that the grain yields were significantly affected by N and K fertilizer interaction effects.The highest yield of Y-Liangyou 900 and Quanyouhuazhan were achieved under N2K3 and N3K3 treatments,which were 9.33 and 9.66 t/ha,respectively.Analysis of yield components showed that under low nitrogen level,the effects of increased K fertilizer on seed-setting rate was significant,in which K2 increased by 3.2%compared with K1 treatment,K3 increased by 5.6%compared with K1 treatment.The number of spikelets per panicle and seed-setting rate were significantly improved by increasing K fertilizer application at medium and high N levels.In addition,increasing K fertilizer improved dry matter accumulation,canopy light interception percentage(IP),intercepted photosynthetically active radiation(IPAR)and radiation use efficiency(RUE)of Y-Liangyou 900 and Quanyouhuazhan,and correlation analysis showed that IP,IPAR and RUE were positively correlated with yield.Therefore,moderate increasing K with reduced N fertilizer application could improve RUE,increase dry matter accumulation,and then increase seed-setting rate and yield of hybrid rice.

关 键 词：杂交稻 产量 氮肥 钾肥 辐射利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]