氮肥追施时期和比例对强筋小麦籽粒灌浆及其生理机制的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Dressing Time and Proportion on Wheat Grain Filling and Its Physiological Mechanism

作　　者：刘哲文 郭丹丹 常旭虹[1] 王德梅[1] 杨玉双[1] 刘希伟 王玉娇 石书兵[2] 王艳杰[1] 赵广才[1] Liu Zhewen;Guo Dandan;Chang Xuhong;Wang Demei;Yang Yushuang;Liu Xiwei;Wang Yujiao;Shi Shubing;Wang Yanjie;Zhao Guangcai(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第1期174-179,共6页Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-16);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ZDRW202002)。

摘　　要：为探究氮肥追施时期和比例对小麦籽灌浆特性及其生理机制的影响,在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地,以2个强筋小麦品种泰山27和中麦578为试验材料,分别设置了5个拔节期和孕穗期氮肥追施比例处理,分别为100%:0%(N1)、75%:25%(N2)、50%:50%(N3)、25%:75%(N4)、0%:100%(N5)。结果表明,2个品种在N3处理下旗叶净光合速率、叶绿素含量和籽粒灌浆速率均达到最大值,且显著高于拔节期和孕穗期一次性追施氮肥处理;籽粒总淀粉含量在N4处理降至最低。综合考虑,拔节期和孕穗期氮肥追施比例为50%:50%(N3)是充分发挥强筋小麦品种植株光合性能、籽粒灌浆特性及品质指标的适宜氮肥运筹方式。In order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application time and proportion on wheat seed filling characteristics and physiological mechanism,two strong gluten wheat varieties Taishan 27 and Zhongmai 578 were used as experimental materials in the Beijing experimental base of the Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Five nitrogen fertilizer application treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application ratio of 100%:0%(N1),75%:25%(N2),50%:50%(N3),25%:75%(N4)and 0%:100%(N5)were set at the jointing stage and booting stage,respectively.The results showed that under N3 treatment,the net photosynthetic rates of flag leaves,the amount of chlorophyll,and rates of grain filling of Taishan 27 and Zhongmai 578 reached the maximum values and were significantly higher than those obtained from a single top application of nitrogen fertilizer during jointing and booting stages.The total starch content of grains dropped to the lowest value in N4 treatment.In conclusion,the optimal dressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage and booting stage is 50%:50%,which is a suitable nitrogen fertilizer operation mode to fullly support the photosynthetic performance,grain filling characteristics,and quality indexes of strong gluten wheat plants.

关 键 词：冬小麦 光合生理 籽粒灌浆 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]