面向多类型交通冲突的道路条件及交通状况影响评估  

An Assessment of Road Conditions and Traffic Situations Impact on Multi-type Single and Chain Conflicts

作　　者：钟昊 马万经[1] 王玲[1] ZHONG Hao;MA Wanjing;WANG Ling(Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室,上海201804

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2023年第6期114-123,共10页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52325210、52131204、52372333);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023-4-YB-05);国家留学基金项目(202206260129)资助。

摘　　要：交通冲突为交通事故发生前的潜在状态。探究静态路段属性和动态交通流特性等宏观特征对于交通冲突的影响至关重要,但现有研究主要关注2辆车之间的危险状态,对于涉及多个交通主体的冲突缺乏重视。为有效提取包括单一冲突和连锁冲突在内的多类型交通冲突,基于无人机采集的车辆轨迹数据首先识别车辆对之间的单一冲突,另通过关联匹配辨识连锁冲突,并基于聚类将连锁冲突划分为纵向风险下降模式、纵向风险增加模式和横纵向高风险持续模式。构建巢式Logit模型探究宏观交通属性及路段条件对多类型单一冲突和连锁冲突的影响,结果表明合流区和基本路段为单一冲突的高发区域,而分流区和交织区为连锁冲突高发区域,尤其会导致横纵向高风险持续模式的发生,但车道数的增加有助于减少严重连锁冲突的发生。此外,主线交通密度增大,连锁冲突发生概率增加;匝道与主线的流量比增大时,连锁冲突更易发生,其中纵向风险增加模式对交通流量最为敏感。将各类型冲突发生的交通流条件与宏观基本图结合分析,表明各类型交通冲突的发生次数存在峰值,且路段上交通冲突发生最多的临界密度要高于同一路段宏观基本图的临界密度。研究结论有助于理解多车连锁冲突发生的宏观原因,有效阻断其演化为连锁碰撞。Traffic conflict is the underlying state before a traffic crash occurs.Understanding the impact of static road attributes and dynamic characteristics of traffic flow on traffic crashes is crucial.However,existing research primarily focuses on the hazardous states between two vehicles,neglecting events involving multiple traffic entities.To effectively extract various types of traffic conflicts,including both single and chain conflicts,this study utilizes drone-acquired vehicle trajectory data to identify single conflicts between vehicles and subsequently identifies chain conflicts through association matching.In addition,a chain conflict can be divided into three patterns,i.e.,Longitu-dinal Risk-Decrease Pattern,Longitudinal Risk-Increase Pattern,and Comprehensive High-Risk-Persistent Pattern.Subsequently,a nested Logit model is developed to explore the influence of macroscopic traffic attributes and road conditions on various types of single and chain conflicts.The findings reveal that merging segments and basic seg-ments of roads are high-risk regions for single conflicts,while diverging segments and weaving segments are prone to happen chain conflicts,particularly those of comprehensive high-risk persistent pattern.Interestingly,an increase in the number of lanes helps mitigate severe chain conflicts.Additionally,as the traffic density in mainlines rises,the probability of chain conflicts increases.The volume ratio of ramp to mainline correlates positively with chain conflict occurrence in which the Longitudinal Risk Increase Pattern being the most sensitive.The traffic flow condi-tions under which each type of conflict occurs,combined with the analysis of macroscopic fundamental diagrams,indicate that conflict occurrences exhibit peaks.Moreover,the critical density at which conflicts are the most fre-quent on road segments exceeds the critical density indicated by the macroscopic fundamental diagram for the same segment.These conclusions hold substantial importance for understanding the macro causes of multi-

关 键 词：交通安全 多类型交通冲突 冲突影响因素 巢式LOGIT模型 路段属性 交通流特征 

分 类 号：U491.31[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]