棉花陆海渐渗系群体中棉籽大小及主要营养成分含量的遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis of Cotton Seed Size and Main Component Content in Upland and Marine Introgression Line Population of Cotton

作　　者：刘小芳 栾玉娟[1,2,3] 乔丹 白冰楠 卢全伟 郭金英[1] LIU Xiaofang;LUAN Yujuan;QIAO Dan;BAI Bingnan;LU Quanwei;GUO Jinying(Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056000,China;Anyang Institute of Technology,Anyang 455000,China;Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS,Anyang 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学,河北邯郸056000 [2]安阳工学院,河南安阳455000 [3]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《安阳工学院学报》2024年第2期105-114,共10页Journal of Anyang Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1804103)。

摘　　要：以高油海岛棉“海1”与高产陆地棉“中棉所36”杂交构建的陆海渐渗系BC5F3:5群体为研究对象,对该群体5个栽培环境中对棉籽的大小和油分、蛋白质等主要成分含量进行测定。结果表明,BC5F3:5群体中棉籽主要营养成分及棉籽大小相关性状均呈正态分布,棉籽油分与蛋白质含量的平均值基本接近轮回亲本“中棉所36”,群体内存在丰富的遗传变异。棉籽长度、宽度、长宽比、面积与周长等性状存在较大的遗传变异(变异系数为2.81%~7.00%),但5个环境分布趋势基本一致,均呈正态分布,表明棉籽性状由多基因控制。除长宽比外,不同环境下棉籽油分与蛋白质含量呈负相关,与棉籽大小呈正相关;蛋白质含量与棉籽大小呈负相关。环境和基因型对粒长、粒宽、蛋白、油分、亚麻酸含量都有极显著的影响,而环境还对棕榈酸和亚油酸有极显著影响。环境与基因型互作对棕榈酸、亚油酸含量影响不显著。本研究筛选出5个环境下棉籽油分、蛋白质含量与棉籽大小均优异的材料10株。该研究结果为实现棉籽性状同步遗传改良奠定了基础,为棉籽油分、蛋白品质与棉籽大小性状育种储备了大量的基础材料。In this study,the size of cottonseed and the content of oil,protein,and other major components of cottonseed were measured in five cultivation environments of the BC5F3:5 population of the land-sea intercalation line of high oil island cotton“Hai 1”and high yield upland cotton CRI36.The results showed that the main nutrients and size-related traits of cottonseed in BC5F3:5 population were normally distributed,and the average values of cottonseed oil and protein contents were close to that of the recurrent parent CRI36,with abundant genetic variations in the population.Cottonseed length,width,aspect ratio,area,and circumference exhibited significant genetic variation(coefficient of variation ranging from 2.81%~7.00%),while the trends in the five environmental distribution trends were similar and normally distributed,indicating that cottonseed traits were controlled by multiple genes.Except length-to-width ratio,cottonseed oil content showed a negative correlated with protein content and a positive correlation with cottonseed size under different environments.Protein content was negatively correlated with cottonseed size.Both the environment and genotype had significant effects on grain length,grain width,protein content,oil content,and linolenic acid,while the environment also impacted palmitic acid and linoleic acid.The interaction between environment and genotype did not significantly affect the contents of palmitic acid and linoleic acid.In this study,ten cotton seed materials with excellent oil content,protein content,and size in five environments were selected.The results laid a foundation for achieving synchronous genetic improvement of cottonseed traits and provided essential materials for breeding cottonseed with optimal oil content,protein quality and size traits.

关 键 词：棉籽大小 陆海渐渗系 油分含量 相关分析 

分 类 号：S816.43[农业科学—饲料科学]