清后期蒙古地区经济问题对蒙藏交流的影响——从新发现哲蚌寺文书谈起  

The Impact of the Financial Problems of Mongolia Areas in the Late Qing Dynasty on the Exchange between Mongolia and Xizang--From the Newly Discovered vBras-spungs Monastery Document

作　　者：乌兰图雅 Ulaantuya

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国藏学》2023年第6期156-165,218,219,共12页China Tibetology

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目“归化城土默特地区在清朝的战略地位研究(17—19世纪)”(项目编号:22XNH059)成果。

摘　　要：清朝政府采取的扶植藏传佛教的政策有力促进了蒙藏民族关系的发展。有清一代,无数蒙古地区僧人香客、学者前往西藏进行熬茶祈福、求经学法等活动。其中,往来于西藏与蒙古地区的蒙古僧人为蒙藏文化的交流和交融作出了卓越的贡献。这些来自不同地区或部落的蒙古僧人,为求学来到西藏各大寺院,并按籍贯被分配到不同的康村和弥村中居住学习。到了清后期,蒙古人赴藏熬茶的次数变少,赴藏求学的蒙古僧人数量也逐渐减少。这就直接导致西藏各寺院中蒙古僧人居住的康村及弥村的衰落,出现了西藏格鲁派重要寺院的僧人到蒙古地区化缘的情况。文章认为导致这一现象的根本原因是清后期蒙古各地区经济的不景气。陷入破产边缘的蒙古地方经济,直接影响了深受蒙古人重视的宗教活动。经济的繁荣和发展是开展社会活动的重要基础,也是各民族交往以及其文化交流的重要基础。The Qing government's policy of fostering Tibetan Buddhism strongly contributed to the relationship between Mongolia and Xizang.In the Qing Dynasty,numerous Mongolian pilgrims,scholars,travelers and emissaries went to Xizang to pray for blessings,seek scriptures,learn the Dharma and so on.Among them,the Mongolian monks who traveled over Xizang and Mongolia made great contributions to the cultural exchanges of Mongolia and Xizang.These Mongolian monks from different regions or tribes came to major monasteries in Xizang to study,and were assigned to live and study in different Khams-tshan and Mi-tshan according to their place of origin.However,in the late Qing Dynasty,the Mongolians went to Xizang less often than before,and the number of the Mongolian monks going to Xizang to study decreased as well.This further led to the decline of the Khams-tshan and Mi-tshan inhabited by Mongolian monks in the Tibetan monasteries,and monks from important dGe-lugs monasteries in Xizang went to Mongolian areas to beg for alms.The article believes that the fundamental reason for this phenomenon is the economic downturn in various regions of Mongolia in the late Qing Dynasty.Mongolia's local economy,which was on the verge of bankruptcy,had directly affected religious activities that were deeply valued by Mongolians.Economic prosperity and development are an important basis for the development of social activities,as well as the exchanges between various ethnic groups and their cultural exchanges.

关 键 词：哲蚌寺文书 蒙藏合璧 清后期 蒙藏关系 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]