细菌外膜囊泡结构、分泌特性及致病机制  

Structure,Secretory Characteristics,and Pathogenic Mechanism of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles

作　　者：高远集 刘畅 陈淼[1] 陈松彪 张俊峰 李静[1,2,3] 贾艳艳 廖成水[1,2,3] 郭荣显 丁轲[1,2,3] 余祖华[1,2,3] 尚珂 GAO Yuanji;LIU Chang;CHEN Miao;CHEN Songbiao;ZHANG Junfeng;LI Jing;JIA Yanyan;LIAO Chengshui;GUO Rongxian;DING Ke;YU Zuhua;SHANG Ke(College of Animal Science and Technology/Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control,Luoyang 471003,China;The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;College of Medical Technology and Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学动物科技学院/功能微生物与畜禽健康实验室,洛阳471003 [2]洛阳市活载体生物材料与动物疫病防控重点实验室,洛阳471003 [3]河南科技大学动物疫病与公共卫生重点实验室,洛阳471003 [4]河南科技大学医学技术与工程学院,洛阳471003

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2024年第3期971-983,共13页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：河南科技大学博士研究启动专项基金(13480102);河南省自然科学基金资助项目(232300421263);河南省科技研发计划联合基金(232103810029)。

摘　　要：外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles, OMVs)是革兰阴性菌在生长过程中释放到胞外的囊泡状结构,被认为是细菌的“远程武器”,其功能主要是攻击宿主组织并帮助细菌定植、损害宿主细胞功能、调节宿主的防御,因此OMVs在细菌致病过程中发挥着重要作用。囊泡中的物质通过与细菌释放出的自诱导物化学信号分子结合,可以驱使细菌或者囊泡在内环境中发挥特殊功能,如群体感应、生物膜形成、获取营养、抗生素抗性、应激反应、对抗其它微生物的竞争或防御、微生物群落状态、核酸转移、水平基因转移、毒素和毒力因子的递送等,且在细菌生长周期发挥着不可或缺的作用。本文主要综述OMVs结构、分泌特性及其致病机制的最新研究进展,为深入研究细菌的致病机制以及开发新的抗菌策略提供理论指导。Bacterial outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are vesicle-like structures released by Gram-negative bacteria during their growth.OMVs can be considered as"long-range weapons"of bacteria.OMVs play an important role in bacterial pathogenesis,which functions are to attack host tissues and help bacterial pathogens establish their biological niche,damage host cell functions,and regulate host defense.The substances secreted by bacteria into vesicles can drive special functions in the environment through combination,such as quorum sensing communication,biofilm formation,nutrition acquisition,antibiotic resistance,stress response,competition or defense against other microorganisms,environment,microbial community status,nucleic acid transfer,horizontal gene transfer,delivery of toxins and virulence factors.These characteristics play an indispensable role in the growth cycle of bacteria.This article mainly reviews the latest research progress in the structure,secretory characteristics,and regulatory pathogenicity mechanism of bacterial OMVs,providing theoretical guidance for the in-depth study of bacterial pathogenicity mechanism and the development of new antibacterial strategies.

关 键 词：细菌 外膜囊泡 结构 分泌特性 致病机制 

分 类 号：S852.61[农业科学—基础兽医学]