2020年包头市大气颗粒物PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃的污染特征及健康风险评估  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate matter PM_(2.5) in Baotou City in 2020

作　　者：贾艳丰 杨天智 王丽[1] 李峰[3] 高艳荣[1] JIA Yanfeng;YANG Tianzhi;WANG Li;LI Feng;GAO Yanrong(School of Public Health,Baotou Medical College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou Inner Mongolia,014060,China;Physical and Chemical Laboratory Department of Chifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chifeng Inner Mongolia,024000,China;Infection Management Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou Inner Mongolia,014060,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古包头014060 [2]赤峰市疾病预防控制中心理化检验科,内蒙古赤峰024000 [3]内蒙古科技大学包头医学院第一附属医院感染管理科,内蒙古包头014060

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第2期229-234,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：内蒙古科学基金面上项目(2020MS08074);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY23095);内蒙古自治区卫生健康科技计划项目(202202349);包头医学院科学研究基金项目(BYJJ-YFJH202231)。

摘　　要：目的 调查包头市大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)污染水平、分布特征、来源及其人群健康风险,为该地区污染治理提供依据。方法 2020年1—12月,采集包头市主城区大气PM_(2.5)样品,定期检测PM_(2.5)浓度及15种PAHs成分,描述性分析不同PAHs的日质量浓度,并利用特征比值法和主成分提取法判断PM_(2.5)中PAHs来源,采用美国国家环境保护局(US Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA)健康风险模型评估其人群健康风险。结果 包头市全年PM_(2.5)浓度范围为19.11~743.65μg/m^(3),日质量浓度[M(P_(25),P_(75))]为83.27(55.79,175.70)μg/m^(3);15种PAHs浓度不同程度检出,范围0.02~372.57 ng/m^(3),日质量浓度为18.49(9.16,99.23)ng/m^(3);PM_(2.5)中PAHs日质量浓度冬季(249.90 ng/m^(3))>秋季(25.59 ng/m^(3))>夏季(10.41 ng/m^(3))>春季(8.73 ng/m^(3)),差异有统计学意义(H=29.26,P<0.05),以4~6环为主。大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs主要来源为燃煤源和机动车排放源的复合污染,15种PAHs的总致癌风险为1.83×10-4,可能有致癌风险。结论 包头市大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs污染水平冬季高,应注意冬季PAHs剂量对人体的致癌风险。Objective To investigate the pollution levels,distribution characteristics,and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Baotou City and their population health risks,and to provide a basis for pollution management in the region.Methods From January to December 2020,PM_(2.5) samples of atmospheric particulate matter were collected from the main city of Baotou,and the atmospheric PM_(2.5) concentrations and 15 PAHs components were regularly detected,and the daily average mass concentrations of different PAHs were analyzed descriptively.The sources of PAHs in PM_(2.5) were determined using the characteristic ratio method and the principal component extraction method,and the US EPA health risk model was used to assess their population health risk.Results The annual PM_(2.5) concentrations in Baotou ranged from 19.11 to 743.65μg/m^(3),and the daily mass concentration[M(P_(25),P_(75))]was 83.27(55.79,175.70)μg/m^(3).15 PAHs were detected in varying degrees,ranging from 0.02 to 372.57 ng/m^(3),with a daily mass concentration of 18.49(9.16,99.23)ng/m^(3).The daily mass concentration of PAHs in PM_(2.5) in winter(249.90 ng/m^(3))>autumn(25.59 ng/m^(3))>summer(10.41 ng/m^(3))>spring(8.73 ng/m^(3)),with statistically significant differences(H=29.26,P<0.05),and the composition was dominated on 4-6 rings.The main source of PAHs in PM_(2.5) was the compound pollution from coal-fired and motor vehicle emission sources,with a total carcinogenic risk of 1.83×10-4,which may have carcinogenic risk.Conclusion The pollution level of PAHs in atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Baotou is high in winter,and attention should be paid on the carcinogenic risk of PAHs dose to human body in winter。

关 键 词：大气细颗粒物 多环芳烃 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]