2018—2023年南通市崇川区水痘流行特征及病例免疫史调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of the Epidemic Characteristics and Immune History of Varicella in Chongchuan District,Nantong City from 2018 to 2023

作　　者：顾红 吴明 司聪聪 廉丽华[2] 金红梅[2] GU Hong;WU Ming;SI Congcong;LIAN Lihua;JIN Hongmei(Department of Immunization Planning,Nantong Chongchuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nantong 226001,China;Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nantong 226001,China)

机构地区：[1]南通市崇川区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,南通226001 [2]南通市疾病预防控制中心,南通226001

出　　处：《中国医药指南》2024年第9期128-131,共4页Guide of China Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2018—2023年南通市崇川区水痘流行病学特征及突破病例发生情况,为完善水痘防控措施提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2018—2023年崇川区水痘个案信息以及通过江苏省预防接种综合服务管理信息系统获取病例水痘疫苗接种信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2018—2023年南通市崇川区累计报告水痘病例18562例,年均发病率420.60/10万,2018—2023年发病率呈下降趋势,水痘二次感染率0.27/10万;发病高峰在5月—7月和11月—次年1月;主城中心地区的水痘发病率(467.81/10万)高于城郊结合地区(362.07/10万);男女性别比1.03∶1,男性发病率(437.21/10万)高于女性发病率(404.83/10万);发病主要集中在15岁以下人群,共报告12592例,占67.84%;发病率最高的是5~9岁组,为3837.72/10万。水痘发病人群以学生和幼托儿童为主,共13113例,占70.64%。水痘突破病例4319例,占总病例的23.27%;突破病例发病时间距离疫苗接种时间平均间隔为(7.73±3.88)年,83.54%的突破病例发生在接种疫苗后3~13年;突破病例的平均发病年龄晚于无免疫史病例的平均发病年龄。2018—2023年崇川区1~6岁儿童水痘疫苗1剂次接种率和2剂次接种率均逐年上升。结论2018—2023年南通市崇川区水痘发病率呈下降趋势,发病呈现季节性双峰分布,发病集中在15岁以下人群,应重点关注托幼机构和学校水痘疫情,同时持续关注2剂次水痘疫苗的免疫效果。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and breakthrough cases of varicella in Chongchuan district,Nantong city from 2018 to 2023,providing a basis for improving the prevention and control measures of varicella.Methods Collect the information of varicella in Chongchuan district from 2018 to 2023 through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and obtain information on varicella vaccination through the Jiangsu Province Comprehensive Vaccination Service Management Information System.Use descriptive epidemiological methods for analysis.Results From 2018 to 2023,a total of 18562 cases of varicella were reported in Chongchuan district,Nantong city,and the average annual incidence rate was 420.60/105,and the incidence rate will decline from 2018 to 2023,the secondary infection rate of varicella was 0.27/105.The peak incidence occurs from May to July and from November to January of the following year.The incidence rate of varicella in the central area of the main city(467.81/105)is higher than that in the suburban fringe area(362.07/105).The sex ratio of men and women is 1.03∶1,and the male incidence rate(437.21/105)is higher than the female incidence rate(404.83/105).The incidence of the disease is mainly concentrated in the population under 15 years old,with a total of 12592 cases reported,accounting for 67.84%;The highest incidence rate was found in the 5-9 year old group,which was 3837.72/105.There were 13113 cases(70.64%)of varicella in children and school children.4319 breakthrough cases of chickenpox,accounting for 23.27%of the total cases;The average interval between the onset time of breakthrough cases and the vaccination time is(7.73±3.88)years,and 83.54%of breakthrough cases occur between 3 and 13 years after vaccination.The average age of onset in the breakthrough case group was later than that in the group without a history of immunity.From 2018 to 2023,the rates of one dose and two doses of chickenpox vaccine for children aged 1-6 in Chongchuan district have been inc

关 键 词：水痘 流行病学特征 水痘突破病例 水痘疫苗 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]