“北约亚太化”:联盟转型还是联盟扩员  

NATO's Foray into the Asia-Pacific:Alliance Transformation or Alliance Enlargement

作　　者：凌胜利[1] 吴玥瑾 LING Sheng-li;WU Yue-jin

机构地区：[1]外交学院国际安全研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2024年第2期47-62,127,128,共18页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BGJ071)。

摘　　要：近年来,北约对亚太地区的介入不断加深,呈现“北约亚太化”态势。“北约亚太化”主要受到地缘政治环境、美国对华竞争战略、欧洲盟国协调等因素影响,突出表现为以应对“中国挑战”为战略目标、以强化与亚太伙伴国家关系为主要手段、实现亚太与跨大西洋的安全联动。当前,对于“北约亚太化”的认知分歧主要聚焦于其属于联盟转型还是联盟扩员。通过比较分析联盟转型与扩员的条件,可以发现“北约亚太化”的实质是北约将联盟空间拓展至亚太地区,推动联盟转型。尽管北约积极加强与亚太国家间关系,但是双方之间的信任程度和互利水平有限,这使得“北约亚太化”难以发展为在亚太地区的联盟扩员。“介入亚太”已经成为北约的长期任务,会对中国周边安全、亚太地区局势与大国战略竞争造成不容忽视的影响。对此,中国需要加强与欧洲国家的经贸合作、巩固与亚太国家的务实合作、推动建立与完善包容性的地区安全机制,妥善应对“北约亚太化”。In recent years,NATO's involvement in the Asia-Pacific region has been deepening,showing the trend of"NATO's foray into the Asia-Pacific"."NATO's foray into the Asia-Pacific"is mainly affected by the geopolitical environment,the United States'strategy for competition with China,and the coordination of European allies.The prominent manifestations are to take responding to China's"systemic challenges"as important goal,deepen relations with Asia-Pacific partner countries as the main means,and link the security of the Asia-Pacific and the Transatlantic region.At present,whether this action is alliance transformation or enlargement is the main cognitive difference about"NATO's Foray into the Asia-Pacific".By comparing and analyzing the conditions of alliance transformation and alliance enlargement,it can be found that the essence of"NATO's Foray into the Asia-Pacific"is expanding the alliance areas to the Asia-Pacific region as a regional alliance,and realize alliance transformation.Although NATO is actively strengthening its relations with Asia-Pacific countries,the degree of mutual trust and benefit between the two sides are limited.Therefore,it is difficult for"NATO's foray into the Asia-Pacific"to change into alliance enlargement in the Asia-Pacific region."Foray into the Asia-Pacific"has become a long-term strategic task of NATO,which will have an impact that cannot be ignored on China's surrounding security,the situation in the Asia-Pacific region,and the strategic competition among major powers.In order to properly respond to"NATO's Foray into the Asia-Pacific",China needs to strengthen economic and trade cooperation with European countries,and consolidate multi-field cooperation with Asia-Pacific countries.Also,China should promote the establishment and improvement of regional security mechanisms that is inclusive.

关 键 词：北约亚太化 联盟转型 联盟扩员 亚太安全 亚太联盟 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]