依赖或分离:内群体偏爱和外群体贬损的关系  

Dependence or Separation:The Relationship between Ingroup Favoritism and Outgroup Derogation

作　　者：乔亚兰 温芳芳[1,3] 佐斌[1,4] 柯文琳 宋仕婕 王晶 Qiao Yalan;Wen Fangfang;Zuo Bin;Ke Wenlin;Song Shijie;Wang Jing(School of Psychology,Center for Studies of Social Psychology,Central China Normal University,430079;GuanLan Second Primary School,Shenzhen,518110;Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior,Ministry of Education,Wuhan,430079;Department of Psychology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,510006)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院暨社会心理研究中心,武汉430079 [2]深圳市龙华区观澜第二小学,深圳518110 [3]青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室,武汉430079 [4]中山大学心理学系,广州510006

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第2期450-457,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA331);国家社科后期资助项目(20FSHB003);渭南师范学院校级人文社科项目(2018RC02);国家自科面上项目(32271128)的资助。

摘　　要：内群体偏爱表现为将积极态度和更多资源分配给内群体成员,外群体贬损表现为对外群体成员的敌意、歧视和不公平态度。研究发现,内群体偏爱和外群体贬损存在依赖或分离这两种关系。从群体成员的心理需求和群体互动的群际因素出发,找到影响两者关系的重要因素:群体认同、动机意图、群际威胁和资源竞争。进行实证研究更精准地找出这些影响因素在二者关系上的作用,采用多样社会认知范式和策略操纵结合的方法厘清二者关系,是未来研究的重要方向。Intergroup relation has always been the cornerstone of social psychology research.Some studies have found that the existence of ingroup favoritism depends on outgroup derogation,while the others have found that ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation are separated,and the vagueness of the relationship between ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation has led to a constant debate among researchers.Based on the psychological needs of group members and the intergroup factors of group interaction,this paper attempts to find the important factors that influence the relationship between ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation.This paper summarizes the essence,relationship and factors of ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation,which mainly includes the following three aspects.First of all,the research shows that ingroup favoritism is widespread,and the researchers mainly explain the psychological mechanism of ingroup favoritism according to social identity theory,social projection theory and the theory of bounded generalized reciprocity.These three theories respectively focus on group identity,self and group similarity perception,and the value of group cooperation to explain ingroup favoritism.As for outgroup derogation,the researchers mainly explain its psychological mechanism from the perspective of the realistic group conflict and the integrated threat theory.According to the theory of realistic group conflict,hostility among groups occurs more due to the competition for resources,which leads to prejudice against opposing outgroup.The integrated threat theory focuses on conflicts caused by perceived symbolic threats.Secondly,this paper expounds the relationship between ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation from two aspects of dependence and separation.On the one hand,some evidence has shown that ingroup favoritism depends on outgroup derogation,that is,ingroup favoritism can be driven by outgroup derogation.The essence of ingroup favoritism depending on outgroup derogation might improve individual self

关 键 词：群际关系 内群体偏爱 外群体贬损 群体认同 群体威胁 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]