航空发动机转子非稳态振动分量提取方法  

Extraction method for unsteady vibration components of aero-engine rotors

作　　者：肖袁 冯坤[1] 胡明辉 江志农[1,3] XIAO Yuan;FENG Kun;HU Minghui;JIANG Zhinong(State Key Laboratory of High-end Compressor and System Technology,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Health Monitoring and Self-Recovery for High-End Mechanical Equipment,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Key Lab of Engine Health Monitoring-Control and Networking of Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学高端压缩机及系统技术全国重点实验室,北京100029 [2]北京化工大学高端机械装备健康监控与自愈化北京市重点实验室,北京100029 [3]北京化工大学发动机健康监控及网络化教育部重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第3期128-142,共15页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：173重点基础研究项目。

摘　　要：对发动机转子振动状态进行监测是提高发动机可靠性的重要方法之一。然而在实际运行与振动监测过程中发现,发动机转速变化快且转子振动分量微弱,其转子谐频振动分量难以实时跟踪提取。为解决这一问题,提出了基于稀疏谐波乘积谱及自适应Vold-Kalman滤波的航空发动机转子振动分量提取方法。首先,分析了发动机机匣信号特性,通过机匣信号中叶片通过频率与转频的谐波关系,结合谐波乘积谱的思路,提出了一种快速计算发动机转频的方法,该方法无需准确的键相信息。其次,使用变步长迭代的方法最小化阶次谱残余误差,确定Vold-Kalman滤波器的最佳滤波参数,从而实现发动机转子谐频振动分量的准确提取。通过仿真数据验证了本方法在较大的噪声下仍能够很好地提取出机匣信号中微弱的转子振动分量,并与多种经典信号分解方法进行了对比。最后,对实际发动机信号进一步分析,针对发动机启停、加减速状态2种典型非稳态工况进行了计算并验证,证明了所提方法的优越性。Monitoring the vibration state of engine rotors is one of the important methods to improve the reliability of aero-engines.However,in actual operation and vibration monitoring process,it is found that the engine speed changes rapidly,and the rotor vibration component is weak,which makes it difficult to track and extract the rotor har⁃monic vibration component in real time.To solve this problem,this paper proposes an extraction method for aeroengine rotor vibration components based on sparse harmonic product spectrum and adaptive Vold-Kalman filter.Firstly,the characteristics of the engine casing signal is analyzed.Through combining the harmonic relationship be⁃tween blade passing frequency and rotation frequency with the idea of harmonic product spectrum,a method for calcu⁃lating the engine rotation frequency rapidly is proposed,without the need for accurate phase information.Secondly,the residual error of the order spectrum is minimized by using the method of variable step iteration,and the optimal fil⁃tering parameters of the Vold-Kalman filter are determined,to realize the accurate extraction of the harmonic vibration component of the engine rotor.It is verified by simulation signals that this method can effectively extract the weak rotor vibration components from the casing signal under relatively large noise,and this method is compared with a variety of classical signal decomposition methods.Finally,actual engine signals are further analyzed,and the calculation and verification are carried out for two typical unsteady working conditions of engine start/stop and acceleration/decelera⁃tion,which proves the superiority of the proposed method.

关 键 词：航空发动机 谐波乘积谱 Vold-Kalman滤波 非稳态振动 转子 

分 类 号：V232.2[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]