基于轨道可达域的机动航天器接近威胁规避方法  

Threat avoidance strategy of spacecraft maneuvering approach based on orbital reachable domain

作　　者：张赛 杨震[1,2] 杜向南 罗亚中 ZHANG Sai;YANG Zhen;DU Xiangnan;LUO Yazhong(College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Planning and Simulation for Aerospace Missions,Changsha 410073,China;Shanghai Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院,长沙410073 [2]空天任务智能规划与仿真湖南省重点实验室,长沙410073 [3]上海机电工程研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第4期242-255,共14页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12125207);青年人才托举工程(2021-JCJQ-QT-047)。

摘　　要：面对日益复杂的空间安全形势,基于轨道机动可达域分析提出了机动航天器接近威胁计算、评估和规避方法。首先,基于可达性判据给出机动能力受限的航天器单脉冲轨道机动可达域求解方法。其次,通过判断在轨航天器自身轨道与来袭航天器机动可达域间的位置关系计算其位于威胁域内的区段,进而得到轨道危险区。再次,基于两航天器进出危险区的时间定义了威胁评价指标,从空间和时间的窗口匹配性角度分别评估在轨航天器受来袭航天器的威胁程度。最后,给出了基于最小化危险区的航天器最优多脉冲接近威胁规避策略,对比了多个脉冲方案结果。仿真结果表明,在轨航天器能够在满足给定约束条件下实现对危险区的机动避让,并以最小燃料消耗回归正常运行轨道。In the face of the increasingly complex space security situation,this paper proposes an approach based on spacecraft reachable domain for spacecraft maneuvering approach threat calculation,assessment,and avoidance.Firstly,a general method to solve the reachable domain for spacecraft with single limited-magnitude impulse based on the reachable criterion is presented.Secondly,the region in the threat domain of on-orbit spacecraft is calculated by judging the position relationship between its orbit and the reachable domain of incoming maneuvering spacecraft which is the danger area.Thirdly,a threat evaluation index is defined by means of the time two spacecraft enter and exit the danger area.The threat of on-orbit spacecraft is measured from two aspects:position matching and time window matching.Based on minimizing the danger area,an active avoidance strategy of spacecraft with optimum multiimpulses maneuver is given to avoid the danger area.The simulations show that the on-orbit spacecraft can avoid the danger area while satisfying the given constraint conditions,and return to the proper orbit with minimum fuel consumption.

关 键 词：空间安全 轨道机动 可达域 碰撞威胁规避 非合作航天器 

分 类 号：V448.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]