丘陵山地果园全液压遥控式履带动力底盘设计与试验  

Design and Test of Hydraulic Remote Control Crawler Power Chassis for Hilly and Mountainous Orchards

作　　者：李善军[1,2] 陈辉龙 彭际博 孟亮 张鑫[1,2] 李明震 LI Shanjun;CHEN Huilong;PENG Jibo;MENG Liang;ZHANG Xin;LI Mingzhen(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第2期119-127,201,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BBA091、2022BBA029);国家柑橘产业技术体系项目(CARS-26);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2662023GXPY007)。

摘　　要：针对目前丘陵山地果园作业农用底盘整机体积大、行驶作业操作繁琐和通过性差等问题,结合丘陵山地果园开沟、除草和修剪等农艺管理环节的实际需求,设计了一款全液压遥控式履带动力底盘。首先,对动力底盘的整机结构和工作原理进行了阐述;其次,对前置挂载机构、行走系、变幅宽底盘、液压系统、遥控系统等关键部件进行设计和相应的匹配选型;最后,对整机进行了性能试验。试验结果表明:动力底盘在最小幅宽(1220 mm)和最大幅宽(1620 mm)的直线行驶偏移率分别为2.24%和2.2%,均满足相应国家标准(≤6%)要求。底盘的转向机动性能良好,最小幅宽原地转弯半径为905 mm,可适应丘陵山地果园相对狭窄的坡地作业环境。遥控操作上下斜坡、翻越田埂、跨越畦沟等过程平稳,满足丘陵山地果园非结构化地形行走要求。挂载链式开沟器进行开沟作业时,沟深稳定系数为88.5%,沟宽稳定系数为92.5%,满足国家标准(≥85%)要求。整机工作性能满足丘陵果园复杂坡度地形管理作业要求,可为丘陵山地果园田间管理作业的有效实施提供综合应用平台和技术支撑。Aiming at the problems of large size,cumbersome operational procedures,and poor maneuverability of agricultural chassis currently for hilly orchard,as well as the practical requirements of cultivation management tasks such as trenching,weeding,and pruning in hilly orchards,a hydraulic remote control crawler power chassis was designed.Firstly,the overall structure and working principle of the power chassis were described.Secondly,key components such as the front-mounted mechanism,walking system,variable-width chassis,hydraulic system,and remote control system were designed and appropriately matched.Finally,performance tests were conducted on the entire machine.The tests revealed that the deviation rates of the power chassis during straight-line travel at the minimum width(1220 mm)and maximum width(1620 mm)were 2.24%and 2.2%respectively,both satisfying the corresponding national standards(≤6%)requirements.The chassis exhibited good steering maneuverability,with a minimum width turning radius of 905 mm,enabling it to adapt to the narrow slope working environment of hilly orchards.The remote control operation demonstrated smooth processes such as ascending and descending slopes,crossing field ridges,and traversing furrows,meeting the requirements of walking on unstructured terrain in hilly orchards.When equipped with a mounted chaintype ditcher for trenching operations,the stability coefficient of trench depth was 88.5%,and the stability coefficient of trench width was 92.5%,both meeting the national standards(≥85%)requirements.The overall performance of the machine met the demands of managing complex sloped terrains in hilly orchards,providing a comprehensive application platform and technical support for the effective implementation of field management operations in hilly mountainous orchards.

关 键 词：丘陵山地果园 全液压驱动 变幅宽履带动力底盘 

分 类 号：S224.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]