基于农药喷施溯源的精准变量喷药监控系统设计与试验  

Design and Test of Precision Variable-rate Spray Monitoring and Control System Based on Pesticide Spraying Traceability

作　　者：翟长远 张焱龙[1,2] 邹伟 宋健 韩长杰 窦汉杰 ZHAI Changyuan;ZHANG Yanlong;ZOU Wei;SONG Jian;HAN Changjie;DOU Hanjie(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Intelligent Equipment Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;National Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第2期160-169,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1000105-4);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32372573);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M740312)。

摘　　要：针对现有大田精准施药系统主要以药量变量控制为主,缺乏农药喷施作业数据远程监测与溯源管理等问题,本文设计了基于农药喷施溯源的精准变量喷药监控系统,可实现农药精准变量喷施,作业地块、作业时间、作业面积、农药种类与配比、喷施药量、喷雾压力、实时流量和作业速度等信息的在线监测、实时显示和溯源管理。基于该系统分别开展了施药量计算精度、作业面积计算精度、物联网数据传输稳定性、变量调控系统动态响应、变量调控精度和农药喷施均匀性等试验。试验结果表明,北斗定位测速最大误差为1.33%,平均误差为0.82%,施药量计算误差为1.73%,作业面积计算误差为2.61%,数据丢失率为3.51%;速度连续变化下系统稳定调节时间为4~5 s;不同设定施药量和作业速度下,变量调控精度误差为2.45%;雾滴沉积点密度大于20滴/cm^(2)下,在喷雾机行走和喷雾方向上的喷雾覆盖率变异系数均小于10%,满足精准变量作业要求。本研究可在实现药量变量调控下对农药喷施数据进行溯源管理,为后续开展大田作物农药残留风险评估提供支撑。The existing field spraying system mainly control spray volume by the variable-rate technology,which is lack of pesticide spraying data remote monitoring and traceability management.A precision variable-rate monitoring and control system was designed based on pesticide spraying traceability.The system can realize precision variable-rate spraying,on-line monitor and real-time display different spray information,including spray plot,spray time,spray area,type and ratio of pesticide,spray volume,spray pressure,real-time spray flow and spray speed,which can be used to pesticide spraying traceability management.Based on the system,the tests of spray volume calculation accuracy,spray area calculation accuracy,data transmission stability of Internet of things,dynamic response of variable-rate control system,variable control precision and pesticide spraying uniformity were carried out respectively.The test results showed that the maximum error of Beidou positioning speed measurement was 1.33%and the mean error was 0.82%,the calculation error of spray volume was 1.73%,the calculation error of spray area was 2.61%,the data loss rate was 3.51%,the system stability adjustment time under continuous speed change was 4~5 s,the variable-rate regulation accuracy was 2.45%,the density of droplet deposition was greater than 20 drops/cm2,and the variation coefficient of spray coverage in sprayer walking and spray direction was less than 10%,which met the operation requirements of precision variable-rate spray.The research can realize the traceability management of the pesticide spraying data under the precision variable-rate adjustment of spray volume,and provide support for the pesticide residue risk assessment in field crops.

关 键 词：喷杆喷雾机 精准施药 变量控制 远程监测 溯源管理 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]