中国微型金融机构的制度演进、发展状况与动态趋势  

Institutional Evolution,Development and Dynamic Trend of Microfinance Institutions in China

作　　者：刘达 温涛[1] LIU Da;WEN Tao(Southwest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学,重庆400715

出　　处：《财贸研究》2024年第2期42-54,共13页Finance and Trade Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“共同富裕目标下农村相对贫困的识别测度与长效治理机制研究”(22QCTJ008);国家社会科学基金重大项目“实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接研究”(21ZDA062)。

摘　　要：基于对中国微型金融的历史回溯与概念重构,构建服务覆盖广度(地理渗透性)、金融服务深度、运营可持续性多维观测指标,科学研判2008—2018年间新型农村金融机构与小额贷款公司发展状况与动态趋势,进而探究微型金融发展的区域差异特征与现实障碍。研究发现:其间,微型金融机构的普惠性功能完善情况较好,不同区域金融包容性明显提升,但其自身运营可持续性延续下行趋势;新型农村金融机构经营发展的稳定性整体优于小额贷款公司。当前,亟需完善微型金融相关政策支持与法律法规体系,因地制宜推动金融业务多元化发展,强化风险预警与处置手段,加强信息披露,建立评级机制,夯实微型金融机构可持续发展基础。Based on a historical review and conceptual reconstruction of China’s micro finance,this study first constructs multidimensional observation indicators for service coverage(geographic penetration),financial service,and operational sustainability,then scientifically analyzes the development status and dynamic trends of new rural financial institutions and microcredit companies from 2008 to 2018,and finally explores the regional differences and practical obstacles in the development of micro finance.Research shows that during this period,the inclusive functions of micro financial institutions have been well improved,and the financial inclusiveness in different regions has significantly increased.However,their own operational sustainability continues to decline.The overall stability of the operation and development of new rural financial institutions is better than that of microcredit companies.At present,it is urgent to improve the policy support and legal regulatory system related to micro finance,promote diversified development of financial business according to local circumstances,strengthen risk warning and disposal methods,strengthen information disclosure,establish rating mechanisms,and consolidate the sustainable development foundation of micro financial institutions.

关 键 词：微型金融机构 新型农村金融机构 小额贷款公司 普惠金融 

分 类 号：F832.35[经济管理—金融学]