从类铝到镓同位素:镓元素的发现及其概念的历史演变  

From“Ekaaluminium”to Gallium Isotopes:Discovery of Element Gallium and Historical Evolution of Its Concept

作　　者：张文雅 袁振东[1] ZHANG Wen-Ya;YUAN Zhen-Dong(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学化学化工学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2024年第6期113-118,共6页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：河南省基础教育教师发展研究创新团队项目“依托‘U-G-S-T-S’学习共同体促进化学教师专业发展(2022,02)”成果之一。

摘　　要：1871年门捷列夫基于元素周期律预见“类铝”,1875年布瓦邦德朗基于实证研究分离出镓单质,直至20世纪镓同位素的发现,镓元素概念的发展经历了假说、形成和新的认识等3个时期。伴随着科学思想的演变与科学技术的进步,镓元素的概念不断发展。人们对镓元素的认识也经历了从宏观现象到微观本质,从假说到客观实在的发展过程。镓元素的发现过程体现了科学方法的重要性。镓元素的发现也促进了周期律思想的传播。In 1871,Mendeleev foresaw“Ekaaluminium”based on the periodic law of elements.In 1875,Boisbaudran isolated gallium elements based on empirical research.Until the discovery of gallium isotopes in the 20th century,the development of the concept of gallium elements went through three periods of hypothesis,formation and new cognition.With the evolution of scientific thought and the progress of science and technology,the concept of gallium has continued to develop,and people's understanding of gallium has also experienced a development process from macroscopic phenomena to microscopic essence,from hypothesis to objective reality.The discovery process of the element gallium reflects the importance of the scientific method.The discovery of gallium also facilitated the spread of the idea of periodic law.

关 键 词：镓元素 类铝 镓同位素 

分 类 号：O614.371[理学—无机化学]