低碳化现代煤基能源技术体系及开发战略  

Low carbon modern coal-based energy technology system and development strategy

作　　者：葛世荣 樊静丽[2] 刘淑琴[3] 宋梅[4] 鲜玉娇 王兵 滕腾 GE Shirong;FAN Jingli;LIU Shuqin;SONG Mei;XIAN Yujiao;WANG Bing;TENG Teng(School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;College of Management,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)机械与电气工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)能源与矿业学院,北京100083 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [4]中国矿业大学(北京)管理工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2024年第1期203-223,共21页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：中国工程院咨询资助项目(2022-XBZD-09,2022-JB-05,2023-JB-08)。

摘　　要：煤炭为人类社会工业化进程做出了重要贡献,为保障我国能源安全和经济平稳发展发挥了关键支撑作用。从19世纪中期开始,煤炭、煤油、煤气、煤电共生的煤基燃料逐步进入规模化使用时代。但是,传统的煤炭利用产生高碳排放,成为能源转型的重大难题。面向生态文明社会发展,煤炭清洁高效利用迫在眉睫,现代煤基能源技术创新势在必行。首次提出现代煤基能源技术体系定义及内涵,将其定义为基于煤炭原料的创新转化而生产具有低碳属性的煤基气、煤基油、煤基氢和煤基电等能源产品,并在矿区原位消纳二氧化碳,形成具有碳中和能力的清洁低碳能源生产系统,其技术内涵包括煤基气、煤基油、煤基氢、煤基电和矿区动态碳中和,共有5个技术模块、19个技术单元和61项关键技术。现代煤基能源技术体系在未来新型能源体系中将发挥“一主体三支撑一突破”的重要作用,即煤基电在我国电力保障中的“以煤稳电”主体作用,煤制油在我国油品安全的“以煤增油”支撑作用,煤基气对我国燃气安全的“以煤补气”支撑作用,煤基氢气对我国氢能发展的“以煤助氢”支撑作用,实现煤基能源动态碳中和技术的“以煤固碳”重大突破。当非化石能源与低碳化煤基能源之比保持在2.5~3.0,煤基能源及油气能源与风光水核能源可实现合理融合,组成具有强互补性、高可靠性、低碳排放的新质能源系统。研究预测,基于现代煤基能源技术实现重大突破和实际应用,2060年我国低碳化煤基能源产量可达10.2亿~14.6亿t标准煤,相当于全国能源需求量的18%~24%,二氧化碳排放量控制在5亿t以下,与目前基于“去煤化”的能源转型规划路径相比,煤炭在我国能源体系中的占比从10%提高到20%以上,二氧化碳排放量降低了50%。届时,现代煤基能源体系对我国能源安全保供和二氧化碳减排具�Coal has made important contributions to the industrialization process of human society,and has played a key supporting role in ensuring China’s energy security and stable economic development.Since the mid-19th century,the coal-based fuel of coal,kerosene,gas and coal electricity has gradually entered the era of large-scale use.However,the traditional use of coal produces high carbon emissions,which has become a major problem in energy transition.Facing the development of ecological civilization society,the clean and efficient use of coal is imminent,and the innovation of modern coal-based energy technology is imperative.This paper proposes the definition and connotation of modern coal-based energy technology system,which is defined as the production of low-carbon energy products such as coal-based gas,coalbased oil,coal-based hydrogen and coal-based electricity,and the in-situ absorption of carbon dioxide in mining areas to form a clean and low-carbon energy production system with carbon neutrality.Its technical connotation includes coalbased gas,coal-based oil,coal-based hydrogen,coal-based electricity and dynamic carbon neutrality in mining areas,with a total of 5 technical modules,19 technical units and 61 key technologies.The modern coal-based energy technology system will play an important role of“one main body,three supports and one breakthrough”in the future new energy system.Coal-based electricity provides the main body of electricity system stability.Coal-based oil supports the China’s oil safety.Coal-based gas supports the China’s gas safety.Coal-based hydrogen plays a supporting role in the development of hydrogen energy in China.The major breakthrough is the dynamic carbon neutral technology of coal-based energy.The paper supposes that when the ratio of non-fossil energy and low-carbon coal-based energy is maintained in the range of 2.5−3.0,coal-based energy,oil and gas and wind,water,nuclear energy can be reasonably integrated to form a new quality energy system with strong complementar

关 键 词：现代煤基能源 煤炭清洁高效利用 矿区动态碳中和 能源安全 二氧化碳减排 

分 类 号：TD82[矿业工程—煤矿开采] F426.21[矿业工程—矿山开采]