基于网络开放数据的区域消防救援总体有效覆盖率评估  

Estimation of total effective coverage rate of regional fire service based on open network data

作　　者：刘伟军[1] 李颖 刘顶立 徐志胜[2] 朱思程 LIU Weijun;LI Ying;LIU Dingli;XU Zhisheng;ZHU Sicheng(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院,长沙410114 [2]中南大学土木工程学院,长沙410075

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第2期666-674,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52204202,52176146)。

摘　　要：高效准确地掌握消防救援有效覆盖率是优化消防站点资源配置的前提。将判断是否有效覆盖的消防救援行程时间阈值定为240 s,建立了基于时间加权的区域消防救援总体有效覆盖率评估模型。基于网络开放数据收集了长沙的50座消防站作为消防救援供给点、5746家被抽查到的社会单位作为消防救援需求点,并调用网络地图应用程序编程接口基于实时路况来仿真消防救援行程时间。在连续7 d内设置197个评估场景,共获得了1131962个有效样本,进而得出:长沙消防救援总体有效覆盖率为21.22%,结果等级为“C”,消防救援水平一般,需加强消防站建设。这种基于网络开放数据的区域消防救援有效覆盖率评估,具备高效和准确的特点,可为优化消防站点资源配置、提升公共安全水平提供关键理论和方法支撑。Mastering the effective coverage rate of fire service efficiently and accurately is the premise of optimizing fire station resource allocation.The travel time threshold of fire service to determine whether the fire service demand point is effectively covered was set as 240 s in this study.The objective value of the effective coverage rate of fire service was set as≥90%.The estimation model of the total effective coverage rate of regional fire service based on the time-weighed method was established.To validate the estimation model,Changsha City was selected as the study area.Based on open network data,accurate addresses of 50 fire stations in Changsha and their corresponding longitudes and latitude in Changsha were gathered and used as fire service demand points.Similarly,5746 social units gathered from the fire information supervision system in China were used as fire service supply points.Travel times and distances between fire service supply points and fire service demand points were calculated and simulated by calling the application programming interface of online maps based on real-time traffic conditions.In total,197 estimation scenarios in seven consecutive days were set,and 1131962 valid samples were obtained.Based on data mining,the total effective coverage rate of fire services in Changsha was estimated at 21.22%.The fire service level of Changsha can be determined as“C”,which means that more fire stations should be built in Changsha to improve fire service.Visualizations of results show that fire service demand points with“poor”levels are mainly distributed in rural areas,and those with“medium”levels are mainly distributed in suburban areas.From the perspective of safety and economy,we suggest building more small fire stations with only one or two fire trucks in rural areas.The estimation model of the total effective coverage rate of regional fire service based on open network data has the characteristics of high efficiency and accuracy,which can provide key theoretical and methodologica

关 键 词：公共安全 消防救援 有效覆盖率 消防站 开放数据 实时路况 时间加权 

分 类 号：X93[环境科学与工程—安全科学]