残疾人按比例就业:实践发展与政策完善  

The Practical Development and Improvement Strategies of the Quota System for Employment of People with Disabilities in China

作　　者：廖娟[1] Juan LIAO(School of Management,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100089)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学管理学院,北京100089

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2024年第2期8-20,共13页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：中国残疾人联合会研究课题(22&ZZ003);教育部人文社科项目(23YJC790028);北京市融爱融乐心智障碍者家庭支持中心委托项目(SK20230171)。

摘　　要：就业是残疾人实现共同富裕的有效途径,就业政策是残疾人就业权利的有利保障。30多年来按比例就业政策对促进我国残疾人就业发挥了重要作用,但也存在一些问题,主要包括:公共和私营部门在雇用残疾人方面的责任无差别;未能充分调动用人单位雇用残疾人的积极性。政策的“一刀切”模式和其理性经济人假设的不足是造成目前政策实施困难的底层原因。文章从以下几方面提出了完善该政策的建议:突出公共部门在雇用残疾人方面的社会责任;注重改革残疾人就业保障金的使用,尤其应增加对企业雇用残疾员工的支持性服务和雇主及雇员的残障意识培训;构建政、企、校、社四位一体的残疾人就业服务体系;加强政策的监督和评估。更重要的是社会应营造出更加包容和友好的氛围,让残疾人通过就业融入社会,增加幸福感和获得感,最终实现共同富裕。Employment is an effective way to achieve common prosperity for people with disabilities(PWDs)and employment policy is a guarantee for the employment rights of PWDs.Over the past 30 years,the quota system for PWDs has played an important role in promoting their employment in China.However,there are still some issues,including the indiscriminate responsibility of both public and private sectors in hiring people with disabilities,and the failure to fully motivate employers to hire them.The underlying reasons for the current difficulties in policy implementation lie in the"one-size-fits-all"approach and the shortcomings of hypothesis of rational man.This article put forward suggestions to improve the policy from the following aspects:highlighting the social responsibility of public sector in employing PWDs;reforming the use of Disabled Employment Security Fund,especially in the supply of supportive services to enterprises employing disabled employees,and strengthening awareness training on disabilities for employers and employees.Establish a service system for the employment of persons with disabilities that integrates government,enterprises,schools/colleges and social organizations.Additionally,it is crucial to enhance policy supervision and evaluation.More importantly,our society should become inclusive and friendly for the employment of PWDs,which increases their sense of happiness and fulfillment,and finally achieve common prosperity.

关 键 词：按比例就业 残疾人就业保障金 公共部门 私营部门 社会责任 

分 类 号：D669.69[政治法律—政治学] F249.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]