鸦片战争失败原因再反思  

Reflections on the Reasons for the Qing's Defeat in the Opium War

作　　者：崔志海 Cui Zhihai

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期40-48,234,共10页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：鸦片战争是中国历史的一道“分水岭”和中国近代史的开端,它深刻改变了中国历史的走向。清朝在鸦片战争中败于英国,除了武器的相对落后之外,其实有着一些更为深层的原因,诸如君主专制制度下民众普遍缺乏民族意识和国家观念,官民矛盾尖锐、存在大量“汉奸”现象;清军的腐败、缺乏战斗力,互不配合,以及清朝统治者思想观念的落后,不谙世界大势和国情、国力,和、战失据,等等。这些都是比武器落后更重要的原因,思想家魏源等人对此就做过一些深刻反思。清朝的战败,昭示中国需要一场全面的社会经济、政治、军事和思想观念的大变革,方能应对数千年未有之变局。鸦片战争失败的教训,在时过180多年之后,仍然值得后人深刻记取!The Opium War was an important turning point and the beginning of modern Chinese history,profoundly changing the course of Chinese history.The Qing government was defeated in the Opium War due to various deeper social problems besides their backward weapons,such as a lack of national consciousness among the people under the rule of an autocratic monarchy,sharp contradictions between officials and ordinary people,and the existence of a large number of "traitors".Other reasons were the corruption and lack of combat effectiveness and coordination of the Qing army and the backward thinking of the rulers,who were ignorant of the world situation and the national strength of China.This defeat demonstrates the necessity for a comprehensive social,economic,political,military,and ideological revolution in China so as to cope with the unprecedented changes unseen in the past thousands of years.The painful lessons of the Qing government's defeat in the Opium War should still be remembered after 180 years or more.

关 键 词：鸦片战争 魏源 林则徐 道光皇帝 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]